边缘话语分析——一项关于服刑人员语言状态的田野调查

Marginal Discourse Analysis: An Investigation of Prisoner Discourse through Field Work

服刑人员话语是一种反语言。从语言生态学的视角,运用物种生态位和群居的理论,阐述服刑人员话语,尤其是服刑人员流氓话语的边缘属性,发现它们是狭生态位、种群数量较小的话语变体,是一种极端的边缘话语形式。这类狭生态位边缘话语在服刑人员群体中频繁使用和广泛传播,得益于它们以种内、种际群居的模式,增强其竞争优势而得以胜出,而且少数服刑人员流氓话语已经或即将被正谕话语或官方话语收编,从边缘走向主流。

The prisoner discourse is a kind of anti-language.Interpreting the properties of the prisoner discourse,particularly the prisoner’s expletive discourse based on the theories of specific niche and group living from the perspective of ecology of language reveals that the discourse is a kind of discursive variant of narrow niche and small population size,it is,therefore,an extreme form of marginal discourse.However,the marginal discourses of narrow niche are frequently used by the prisoners and popular among them due to its intraspecific or interspecific group living for increasing the competitive capacities to out-compete other discourses.Some of the prisoner’s expletive discourses are competitive and popular enough to have been or will be adopted by the official discourse as mainstream discourses.