美国学术界对20世纪60、70年代美国城市警务改革的研究

Review of the Studies on the Urban Policing Reform from 1960s to 1970s in America

20世纪60、70年代美国的城市警务改革处在美国当代城市警务体制和联邦城市警务政策形成和确立的关键时期,与当今美国人正在面临的警察军事化、监狱人口膨胀等社会问题有着密切的联系。美国学者们对这场改革的起因、成果和成效进行了广泛的研究,研究内容涉及约翰逊政府的“伟大社会”改革、种族关系、联邦制、警务信息化、美国基层警务体制等诸多重要历史问题。美国学界在改革的意识形态背景、实施效果和总体评价等方面存在较大的分歧。

The American urban policing reform from 1960s to 1970s was in the critical period of formation and establishment of current urban policing system and federal urban policing policy in the United States.It is also closely related to many social problems in America today,such as militarization of police forces and mass incarceration.American scholars have studied a lot about the cause,achievement and influence of this reform.The content involves Lyndon Johnson Administration's“Great Society”,race relationship,federalism,electronic policing and grass-roots policing system and other important historical problems.There is also some strong opposition of views about ideological setting,implementation effect and general evaluation of the reform in American academic circles.