微型公众协商的合法性基础、民主限度与价值重估——以协商民意测验为例

Legitimacy,Democratic Limitation and Value Revaluation of Deliberative Mini-publics

协商民主是当代政治学中最具吸引力的民主范式,它逐渐从一种宏观、规范的民主理论转向微观、可操作的民主实践。在这一转向过程中,微型公众协商成为协商民主制度化与操作化的重要机制,尤其是其中的协商民意测验因协商代表具有的代表性与协商结果的高质量,使其被视为协商民主的黄金范式。然而,以协商民意测验为代表的微型公众协商的民主限度也较为突出,它在推动大众参与、政治平等、协商质量等方面存在不足,并呈现协商精英化的趋势。对此,可从协商系统方法出发,承认微型公众在提升民主与协商方面存在限度的同时,通过协商代表功能与职责的重塑,将微型公众协商嵌入政治体系统之中,重估微型公众协商的价值,推进整体政治系统的民主化,进而提升协商质量。

Deliberative democracy is the most attractive model of democracy in contemporary politics.It gradually changes from a macro and normative democratic theory to a micro and operational democratic practice.In the process of transformation,the deliberative mini-publics that represented by deliberative polling becomes an important mechanism of institutionalization and operationalization of deliberative democracy.On one hand,the deliberative polling is regarded as the golden model of deliberative democracy because of its scientific and small-scale high consultation quality.On the other hand,critics argue that the deliberative polling has a lack of legitimacy in promoting mass participation,political equality and deliberative quality,as well as show the trend toward deliberative elitism.Therefore,starting from the deliberative system method,deliberative democracy theory try to embed the mini-publics into political system through reshaping the new relationship between political representatives,and r-evaluate the democratic values of the mini-public to promote the democratization of political system and enhance deliberative quality as a whole.