Non-explosive mining and waste utilization for achieving green mining in underground hard rock mine in China

基于非爆开采和固废资源化利用的硬岩矿山绿色开发（英文）

Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.

基于深部高地应力、高地温、高井深等灾害因素的“变害为利”,提出深部固体资源开采技术变革思路,实现深部固体资源的绿色开采。首先,通过深部硬岩可截割性实验研究和回归分析,获得能够有效改善非爆机械化破岩的应力诱导调控方法。其次,通过非爆机械化和智能化开采,实现以坚硬磷矿石为代表的深部硬岩连续化精准开采,确保贵州开阳磷矿资源的高回收率(大于90%)、低废(贫化率5%)、高效(开采效率107.7 t/h)开采。最后,开发矿山循环经济新模式,构建矿山全固废充填系统,实现矿山固废资源化利用。连续实施后,2018年开阳磷矿的磷石膏、黄磷渣、废石利用量分别达到1853.6×10^3 t/a、291.1×10^3 t/a和1493.8×10^3 t/a。