疫苗犹豫现状及其应对措施

Status and countermeasures of vaccine hesitancy

疫苗是人类预防传染病最经济有效的公共产品,但随着疫苗可预防疾病的减少,近年来在世界范围内疫苗犹豫现象愈发凸显,已被世界卫生组织列为"2019年全球卫生面临的10项威胁"之一。疫苗犹豫直接影响疫苗接种率,导致部分国家已消失多年的疫苗可预防疾病再次出现。引起疫苗犹豫的因素主要是对传染病危害性的轻视、对疫苗的信心不足和疫苗可及性不足。建议通过提高医务人员积极性、加强媒体沟通、加大监管力度和建立信任度监测机制的方式减少疫苗犹豫现象。

Vaccines are one of the most cost-eff ective products to prevent inf ectious diseases. However, with decreasing vaccine preventable diseases in recent years, vaccine hesitancy has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization now considers vaccine hesitancy as one of ten threats to global health in 2019. Vaccine hesitancy directly aff ects vaccination coverage, and leads to the recurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases, which had disappeared in some countries for many years. Vaccine hesitancy is mainly associated with neglect of the danger of infectious diseases, lack of confidence in vaccines, and inadequate access to vaccines. To reduce vaccine hesitancy, we suggest improving the enthusiasm of medical staf f, strengthening media communications, enhancing supervision, and establishing a mechanism to monitor public trust in vaccination.