美国高校创客教育各支持主体职能与协同运行

Supporting Bodies and Cooperative Operation in the Implementation of American Maker Education

政府、高校和社会是美国高校创客教育的关键支持主体,各主体各司其责、通力合作,形成了"政府引导、高校主导、社会支持"的有机整体。其中,政府通过出台鼓励创客教育的政策,实施"创客教育计划"等举措,引导和支持高校开展创客教育。高校通过课程开发与组织教学活动,强化学生创造能力的评价,履行着创客教育的主导角色。民间组织、社区和产业界等社会力量通过舆论倡导,提供创客产品输出与转化渠道,扮演着创客教育的支持者角色。借鉴美国高校创客教育实施经验,实现"政府方向引领、高校主动跟进、社会全面支持"的主体功能协同,是当前我国高校创新创业教育的努力方向。

The government,universities and society are the key supporting bodies of maker education in American universities which perform their won functions and cooperate with a common effort,which forms an organic whole of government guiding,universities leading and society supporting. Among them,the government has carried out the policy of encouragement and Maker Education Initiative(MEI)to guide and support maker education in the University. Through the development and implementation of curriculum,colleges and universities strengthen the evaluation of students’ creative ability and perform the leading role of maker education. Through advocating the public opinion,nongovernmental organizations,communities and industrial sectors and other social forces provide a channel of creating and exporting maker products with playing a supporting role of maker education.Drawing lessons from the implementation experience of American University’s maker education,achieving the main function synergy of government oriental leading,University actively following-up and society roundly supporting,which is the direction of effective innovation of our university’s innovation and entrepreneurship education.