天然来源单环倍半萜类化合物的结构及其药理活性研究进展

Reviews on natural monocyclic sesquiterpenoids and their bioactivities

倍半萜是一类由15个碳原子构成,以3个异戊二烯单元为基本母核的萜类化合物。天然来源的倍半萜类化合物众多,按其结构可分为无环型、单环型、双环型、三环型、四环型,亦有五元以上的大环型倍半萜,其中单环倍半萜是倍半萜类化合物中种类和数目都较为庞大的一类,而其药理活性也多种多样,如细胞毒、抗氧化、抗炎等活性,为了更好的研究和开发此类天然产物,该文整理了近五年(2014-2018)文献发表的降碳倍半萜(megastigmanes)、单环金合欢烷型(monocyclofarnesoltype sesquiterpenes)、没药烷型(bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes)、单环吉马烷型(germacrane-type sesquiterpenes)等五大类共计161个单环倍半萜类化合物,其中一些化合物具有一定的细胞毒、抗氧化、抗炎等生物活性,并讨论了这些化合物的研究前景。

Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenoids composed of three isoprene units( 15 carbons). Sesquiterpenoids possess a variety of different structures,including acyclic sesquiterpenes,monocyclic sesquiterpenoids,bicyclic sesquiterpenoids,tricyclic sesquiterpenoids,tetracyclic sesquiterpenoids and macrocyclic sesquiterpenoids. Among them,a large number of monocyclic sesquiterpenoids were isolated and display extensive bioactivities,such as cytotoxic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and other activities. In this review,we summarized the progress about the phytochemistry and biological activities of monocyclic sesquiterpenoids( a total of161 compounds) reported from 2014 to 2018( 5 years),including megastigmanes,monocyclofarnesol-type,bisabolane-type,germacrane-type,and other types of monocyclic sesquiterpenoids. Furthermore,several future research perspectives and development of sesquiterpenoids as potential therapeutic agents were discussed as well.