体外受精-胚胎移植对小鼠胎盘和胎鼠早期生长的影响

Effects of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer on the early growth of mouse placenta and fetal mice

目的探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)对小鼠胎盘和胎鼠早期生长的影响.方法利用CD1小鼠建立自然受孕组(SC组)、受精卵体外培养(IVC)组与体外受精(IVF)组.胚胎发育的第10.5日、第14.5日以及第18.5日(即妊娠的早、中、晚孕期),收集胎盘和胎鼠,比较3组小鼠的妊娠率、流产率,观察小鼠胎盘发育及胎鼠宫内生长.结果妊娠早期[孕10.5 d(E10.5)],IVC组与IVF组小鼠妊娠率(32.5%,38.2%)低于SC组(56.5%)(P=0.012;P=0.014),流产率(34.5%,45.2%)高于SC组(12.1%)(P<0.001;P<0.001),而IVC与IVF组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);妊娠中期(E14.5),IVC组与IVF组胎鼠重量[(195.4±26.2)g,(221.5±32.6)g]低于SC组[(322.2±26.9)g](P<0.001;P<0.001),胎盘效率(1.4±0.2,1.6±0.4)低于SC组(2.5±0.3)(P<0.001;P<0.001),IVC组胎鼠重低于IVF组(P=0.006),胎盘效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);妊娠晚期(E18.5),IVC组与IVF组胎鼠重[(743.1±35.6)g,(617.7±29.8)g]低于SC组[(883.1±53.2)g](P<0.001;P<0.001),胎盘效率(3.0±0.4,2.0±0.1)低于SC组(4.9±0.5)(P<0.001;P<0.001),IVC组胎鼠重、胎盘效率均高于IVF组(P<0.001;P<0.001).结论与自然妊娠相比,ART小鼠妊娠率降低、流产率增加;ART影响孕期小鼠胎盘发育,改变孕期体质量,降低胎盘效率.

Objective To investigate the effect of assisted reproductive technology(ART)on the early growth of placenta and fetus in mice.Methods Experimental mice were divided into three groups:female mice mate naturally with male mice(SC group);female mice and male mice were fertilized in vitro,zygotes were in vitro cultured(IVC group);female mice and male mice were fertilized and cultured in vitro(IVF group).Placentas and fetal rats of three groups were collected on day 10.5,day 14.5 and day 18.5(early,middle and late gestation in pregnancy,respectively),and the pregnancy rate and the abortion rate of the three groups were calculated respectively.Results In early pregnancy(E10.5),the pregnancy rate in IVC group and IVF group(32.5%,38.2%)was lower than that in SC group(56.5%)(P=0.012;P=0.014),the abortion rate(34.5%,45.2%)was higher than that in SC group(12.1%)(P<0.001;P<0.001),but there was no statistical difference between IVC group and IVF group(P>0.05).During middle pregnancy(E14.5),fetus weight in IVC group and IVF group[(195.4±26.2)g,(221.5±32.6)g]was lower than that in SC group[(322.2±26.9)g](P<0.001;P<0.001),placental efficiency(1.4±0.2,1.6±0.4)was lower than that in SC group(2.5±0.3)(P<0.001;P<0.001),the fetus weight of IVC group was lower than that of IVF group(P=0.006),and there was no statistical difference in placental efficiency(P>0.05).During late pregnancy(E18.5),the fetus weight in IVC group and IVF group[(743.1±35.6)g,(617.7±29.8)g]was lower than that in SC group[(883.1±53.2)g](P<0.001;P<0.001),placental efficiency(3.0±0.4,2.0±0.1)was lower than that in SC group(4.9±0.5)(all P<0.001),the fetus weight of IVC group was lower than that of IVF group(P=0.006),and there was no statistical difference in placental efficiency(P>0.05).Conclusion Compared with natural pregnancy,ART can reduce the pregnancy rate and increase the abortion rate,and affect the development of mouse placenta during pregnancy,change the growth weight during pregnancy and reduce the placental efficiency.