实用主义的“古典”分野:在何种意义上?——一个谱系学的考察与回应

“Classical” Divergence of Pragmatism: In What Sense? ——An Investigation and Response from the Perspective of Genealogy

差异和冲突构成了“古典实用主义”的形象底色和叙事特征,进而衍生了诸多谱系学的“分野”说。这些学说尽管理论形态各异,但都不约而同地指向了一种悖论式的“皮尔士情结”--皮尔士的“背离与回归”。然而,对这些“分野”说的谱系学考察表明,这些“分野”判定不仅因为“背离与回归”的悖论而陷入困局,而且其意义也会发生“反讽”式转向。究其根源就在于,“定向回溯式”的谱系描述模式对“实用主义准则”的“方法论”内涵的隐匿及其作为谱系线索身份的放逐。由此,作为一种可能的选择,关于古典实用主义谱系的一个"自然主义"建构路径便应运而生了。

Differences and conflicts make up the vivid impression and narrative feature of “classical pragmatism”, which leads to various genealogical “divergences”. Though in different theoretical forms, they all, as if by prior agreement, point to a paradoxical “Pierce Complex”--the “deviation and returning” of Pierce. But a genealogical investigation into these “divergences” shows that these “divergences” will fall into a predicament because of the paradox of “deviation and returning” and, meanwhile, an “ironic” turn will occur in their meanings. After studying carefully, the author finds that this happens because the “directional retrospective” genealogical descriptive mode hides the connotation of “pragmatism criterion” and “methodology”, and abandons its genealogical identity. As a possible choice, there emerges a constructive path to “naturalism” concerning the genealogy of classical pragmatism.