“二十世纪中国文学”的再批判与再解读——基于社会主义启蒙视域旳考察

Rethinking the idea of “20th century Chinese literature”: a study in the horizon of socialist enlightenment

“二十世纪中国文学”作为一种文学史观存在很大问题,它把社会主义性质的文学排除在外,无法使自己成为一个有机整体。这种文学史观是西方现代启蒙话语影响的结果,而这种西方现代启蒙话语无法解释社会主义的发生和发展,也无法解释中国的革命历史和现实。这就需要对启蒙重新认识和阐释。事实上,启蒙不仅包括自由主义启蒙,也包括社会主义启蒙。社会主义启蒙是对18世纪启蒙思想的批判继承和发展,它改变了世界格局,开辟了人类历史的新方向。中国革命和社会主义建设的过程就是社会主义启蒙不断扩展和深入的过程,20世纪中国文学在这个过程中起到了无可替代的重要作用。20世纪中国文学具有社会主义启蒙性质,社会主义启蒙是20世纪中国文学的底色和主旋律。社会主义启蒙为20世纪中国文学准备了理论和创作队伍,规划了发展方向,提供了创作的素材和营养,使20世纪中国文学形成了自己的叙事特色,呈现出了独特的美学特征。

As a historical view of literary,“the Twentieth Century Chinese Literature” has a big problem, for it excludes socialist literature and can not make itself an organic whole. This view of literary history is the result of the influence of the modern Western enlightenment discourse, which itself has a lot of problems. This modern western enlightenment discourse can not explain the occurrence and development of socialism, nor the history of Chinese revolution and reality. This requires a new understanding and explanation of enlightenment. In fact, enlightenment includes not only liberal enlightenment, but also socialist enlightenment. Socialist enlightenment is the critical inheritance and development of the enlightenment thought in the 18th century. It really changes the world pattern and opens up a new direction in human history. The process of Chinese revolution and socialist construction is the process of continuous expansion and deepening of socialist enlightenment, and in the process, the new Chinese literature in the 20th century plays an irreplaceable important role. This makes Chinese literature in the 20th century a literature with the quality of socialist enlightenment, and socialist enlightenment is the background and theme of Chinese literature in the 20th century. The socialist enlightenment prepares theoretical and creative teams for the 20th century Chinese literature, plans the development direction, provides materials and nutrition for creation, and enables the 20th century Chinese literature to form its own narrative characteristics, presenting unique aesthetic features.