泛在电力物联网下虚拟电厂运营机制及关键技术

Operation Mechanism and Key Technologies of Virtual Power Plant Under Ubiquitous Internet of Things

我国能源互联网及微电网项目落地过程中遇到了诸多问题,究其原因是缺乏合理的商业模式。泛在电力物联网建设背景下,高比例可再生能源、规模化电动汽车以及信息物理系统的建设都将增加电力系统运行成本,这与降低用户电价的目标相矛盾。只有通过发挥分布式发电、分布式储能、微电网等资源的绿色价值与灵活性价值,才能有效解决上述问题与矛盾。虚拟电厂通过信息集成控制多类型柔性负荷,以实现能源高效利用,是解决上述问题的一种手段,也是一种支撑能源互联网建设的可行商业模式。国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission,IEC)虚拟电厂标准委员会由国网冀北电力有限公司负责组织,研究制定虚拟电厂国际标准。立足于虚拟电厂国际标准制定研究成果,首先提出虚拟电厂的定义,通过对比分析提炼总结虚拟电厂特性,并构建了虚拟电厂“批发-零售”两级市场交易体系。再次,面向虚拟电厂调度特性及其市场交易要求,通过聚合、经济、运营3个维度建立虚拟电厂协调优化机理,并针对虚拟电厂商业模式经济性进行测算;最后,对虚拟电厂未来发展进行了展望。

There are many problems in landing process of energy internet and microgrid projects in China.The reason is lack of reasonable business model.In the context of construction of ubiquitous internet of things,construction of power system with high proportion of renewable energy,large-scale electric vehicles and cyber-physical systems will increase operation cost,which is inconsistent with the goal of reducing user electricity prices.Only by giving full play to the green and flexibility values of resources such as distributed generation,distributed energy storage and microgrid,can these problems and contradictions be effectively solved.Virtual power plants(VPPs)control multi-type flexible loads through information integration to achieve efficient use of energy,which is a means to solve above problems,and also provides a reference for construction of energy internet business model.The Virtual Power Plant Standard Committee of International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC)is organized by State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.The committee is responsible for formulating international standards for VPPs.Based on the research work of international standard formulation for VPPs,a definition of VPPs is proposed.And the characteristics of VPPs are summarized through comparative analysis.Based on this,a two-level market transaction system of"wholesale-retail"for VPPs is constructed.Then,facing the dispatching characteristics of VPPs and their market transaction requirements,a coordination and optimization mechanism of VPPs is established in three aspects:aggregation,economy and operation.And the economy of VPP business model is estimated.Finally,the future development of VPPs is prospected.