盐碱胁迫下的菊芋栽培试验研究

Cultivation of Helianthus tuberosus under Saline or Alkaline Stress

通过引种滩涂盐碱适宜品种南菊一号的田间种植试验,观测记录生长数据,取样测量土壤理化性质,最终归纳整理,并利用SPSS 17.0对整理好的数据进行统计分析。结果表明:①南菊一号能够在吉林西部盐碱地区正常生长发育,产量丰富,适应状况良好,引种较为成功。南菊一号在淡黑钙土试验田(pH 8.1)生长、存活状况显著优于以沙压碱土试验田(pH 8.3)。淡黑钙土和以沙压碱土南菊一号成活率分别为94.56%、82.27%;方差分析结果差异显著(P<0.05)。②出苗期,茎、叶干物质积累缓慢;快速生长期,茎、叶干物质积累量开始向地下转移;块茎膨大期,块茎吸收转移来的营养物质,迅速膨大至不变。淡黑钙土试验田南菊一号干物质积累量及产量显著优于以沙压碱土试验田。淡黑钙土试验田和以沙压碱土试验田在快速生长期茎的干物质积累量达到峰值,分别为912.26 g·株^-1和756.02 g·株^-1,方差分析结果差异显著(P<0.05)。③影响南菊一号在吉林省西部盐碱地区受盐碱胁迫下生长、存活的主要因素为含水量、有机质和全氮含量等。④南菊一号对淡黑钙土试验田改良效果显著优于对以沙压碱土的改良效果。由此可知,南菊一号能够适应并良好生长于吉林省西部盐碱地区,且南菊一号更适宜栽种于淡黑钙土试验田。

The field planting test data and the recorded growth data of Nanju No.1 were obtained based on investigating the physiochemical properties of saline or alkaline soil of tidal flat.These data were finally sorted and summarized,and the SPSS 17.0 was used for the statistical analysis.Results were as follows:①Nanju No.1 was able to adapt the saline or alkaline soil in west Jilin Province with its high yield and good adaptability.The introduction was relatively successful.The survival,wintering status and growth status of the Nanju No.1 on the light chernozem(pH 8.1)were significantly superior to those in the experimental field(pH 8.3).The survival rates of Nanju No.1 on light chernozem and sandy alkaline soil were 94.56%and 82.27%respectively,and the differences were significant(P<0.05);②At the emergence stage,the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves was slow;during the rapid growth period,the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves began to transfer to underground;during the tuber expansion period,the nutrients absorbed by tubers increased rapidly.The dry matter accumulation and yield of Nanju No.1 on the light chernozem were significantly higher than that on the sandy alkaline soil.The dry matter accumulations of stems on the light chernozem and the sandy alkaline soil during the fast growing period reached 912.26 g·plant^-1 and 756.02 g·plant^-1,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);③The main factors affecting the survival and growth status of Nanju No.1 under the saline or alkaline stress in west Jilin Province were the moisture content,organic matter content and total nitrogen content in soil;④The improvement effect of Nanju No.1 on the light chernozem was significantly better than that on the sandy alkaline soil.In conclusion,Nanju No.1 could adapt to the light chernozem and the sandy alkaline soil well in west Jilin Province,and the light chernozem soil is more suitable for Nanju No.1.