急性白血病免疫治疗研究进展

Progress of immunotherapy for acute leukemia

近年来针对血液系统恶性疾病,尤其是急性白血病(AL)的免疫治疗从基础研究到临床应用的发展十分迅速.长期以来AL免疫治疗主要面临白血病细胞特异性抗原的鉴定和选择,白血病抗原免疫原性低下,内源性抗肿瘤免疫受到抑制等问题.因此,近年来的AL免疫治疗策略主要针对这些问题并获得了较快的发展,主要包括:针对白血病细胞表面抗原的单抗及偶联药物的单抗;双特异性抗体尤其是双特异性T细胞衔接器单抗(BiTE)、嵌合抗原受体T细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂、基于树突细胞和外泌体疫苗等.文章就上述AL免疫治疗基础及临床应用的研究进展进行综述.

In recent years, the immunotherapy for hematological malignancies, especially acute leukemia (AL), has made great progress from bench to bedside and developed rapidly. For a long time, the immunotherapy targeted to AL mainly faces some problems, such as the identification and selection of specific antigens of leukemia cells, the enhancement of immunogenicity of leukemia-associated antigens, the promotion of endogenous immune response, and overcome the immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the AL immunotherapy strategies in recent years are mainly aimed at these problems and achieved rapid development, including monoclonal antibodies against leukemia cells surface antigens and monoclonal antibodies conjugated cytotoxic drugs, bispecific antibodies, especially bispecific T cell engager monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, dendritic cells and exosomes-based vaccines. This review will briefly introduce the research progress of the basic and clinical application of AL immunotherapy.