新西兰流域综合管理规划概况及对中国实践的启示

THE INTEGRATED CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN IN NEW ZEALAND AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA’S PRACTICE

中国当前编制的流域规划多从水利角度出发,针对流域防洪、水资源优化配置等提出总体战略要求,尺度较大,编制范围广。而针对城市尺度,对城市内涝、水体污染等城市水系统问题的细化分析、技术策略、实施方案等尚未充分纳入现有流域规划体系,未建立针对城市水体中小流域的综合管理方法。本文通过研究新西兰汉密尔顿市等城市流域综合管理规划案例,对新西兰流域综合管理规划的理念、定位、目标、编制要点及执行手段等进行梳理,包括其跨行政区域的流域综合管理机制、流域规划综合目标与技术体系、与城市长期发展规划协同编制和纳入资源许可管控要求等从筹划到落实的一系列核心工作;并结合中国城市水系统综合治理的现状和重点问题,以及流域规划亟待补充的重要内容,尤其是与城市关系密切的中小尺度流域综合规划方法,提出了针对中国实践的建议与启示。

China's current catchment planning often focuses on formulating overall strategies for flood control and water resource distribution from a perspective of water conservancy.Usually,such plans are developed at large scales,covering a huge territory.However,city-scaled analyses,technical strategies,or roadmaps responding to issues of urban flooding,water pollution,etc.are less integrated into the current catchment planning;there is also an absence of comprehensive management methods for medium-or small-scaled urban water bodies.Combing with a case study on integrated catchment management plans(ICMP)for the Hamilton City,New Zealand,this paper reviews and summarizes the idea,role,objectives,key sections,and implementation of ICMPs in New Zealand.including a series of core tasks ranging from the trans-administrative catchment management mechanism,comprehensive and operational objectives and the technical system to the integration with Long-term urban planning and Resource Consentrequirements.In view of the status quo and major problems in China's comprehensive management of urban water systems,as well as the gaps in the existing formulation and implementation of catchment planning,especially the absence of integrated planning methods for medium-or smallscaled catchments that have a more direct and stronger relation with urban development,New Zealand's experience in ICMP preparation and implementation reflects a paradigm significance.