国土空间规划下的流域生态规划思考

THOUGHTS ON ECOLOGICAL WATERSHED PLANNING UNDER THE TERRITORIAL SPATIAL PLANNING

笔者首先提出了当前国内流域普遍存在的问题,指出流域生态规划对于多学科协同的迫切需求,并从流域水系规划、自然河流与湿地保护、河流与湿地的生态基流恢复、面源污染削减、生物多样性保护几个方面阐述了流域生态规划的理念与实践。笔者认为,如果利用好国土空间规划重新编制之机,通过多学科协同,在国土空间规划时预留出多功能生态空间,可有效实现防洪排涝、水质提升、生态基流保障、生物多样性保护等目标。在这一综合性解决方案中,只有在规划层面进行协同,将地上地下、上游下游、河岸等在空间及时间维度上进行统筹兼顾,才能将多种生态功能进行整合,使之在同一土地空间内发挥多重生态效益。最后,笔者提出,规划设计师有能力统筹各个专业解决各种生态问题,而实现这一愿景的前提是在新的国土空间规划中将城市总体规划与流域生态规划相结合。

The author firstly points out several problems that commonly exist in China’s watersheds and the urgent need for multidisciplinary collaboration in ecological planning.The theories and practices on watershed ecological planning are reviewed respectively from the aspects of waterway planning,natural river and wetland protection,ecological baseflow recovery,nonpoint source pollution reduction,and biodiversity protection.The author suggests that if we could reserve multi-functional ecological zone in the new territorial spatial planning by multidisciplinary collaboration,ecological goals including flood control,water quality improvement,ecological base flow provision,and biodiversity protection could be achieved.In this comprehensive solution,only when water bodies and associated habitats such as the ground and underground,upstream and downstream,and rivers and banks are coordinated as a whole,it will generate multiple ecological benefits.Finally,the author believes that planners and designers have the ability to solve ecological problems.To fulfill this vision,we must call for collaboration between land planning and ecological watershed planning in the process of territorial spatial planning.