在水体中/截获水分：在中国山西省的采矿景观中创造雨

IN-BETWEEN WATERS/INTERCEPTING WETNESS:INVENTING RAIN IN THE MINING LANDSCAPE OF SHANXI PROVINCE,CHINA

在利用各种大型工程手段(如建立水库和跨流域输水基础设施工程)来解决中国山西省和印度西高止山脉分别因开采煤矿和有色金属而导致的干旱和洪涝问题的背景下,作者对雨洪问题的产生进行了全面的分析思考,并提倡“雨”先于“洪”、“流”后于“域”的水资源管理方法。多数大型工程类基础设施在解决水问题时的基本理念是将水从其所在的自然环境中抽离,因而水成为了各种被管道、水渠和水库限制住的流体。为了补偿现有水利基础设施的不足,笔者建议汇聚整个地域的景观潜力来塑造具有韧性的“水分”以应对极端“水”问题。这是一种从将水作为单一孤立问题去解决的工程方法,向以探索更多机遇为目标的景观方法的根本性转变。本文介绍的景观研究和设计项目意在为看似“干旱”和发展模式单一的山西省构建另一种可能的未来。项目的研究设计跨越4个嵌套的尺度,以一种用于截获水分的新的景观基础设施作为脉络基底,促发了生态、活动、时间、物质等事物演变的轨迹。值得一提的是,项目还展现了研究、表达、设计和规划如何互相引导。设计改善了环境,且其自身也在不断接受和适应环境的变化。

Under the background of imposing engineered structures,including reservoirs and inter-basin water transfer infrastructures,being applied to solve drought caused by coal mining in Shanxi Province of China and floods caused by mineral mining in Western Ghats of India,the author reviews the intrinsic reason of water problems and recommends a water management solution that is design on "rain before floods" and "fields of wetness before flows of water." Most magnificent engineered infrastructures are designed upon an idea of separating water from its milieu,thus becoming contained flows in pipes,channels,and reservoirs to solve water problems.To compensate for the shortage of existing water infrastructures,the author suggests gathering a regional-level landscape capacity for building "wetness" of resilience when facing problems of "water" in extremities.This is a radical shift compared with a problem-solving approach,as engineering does,to one that is grounded in landscape and uncovers opportunities.The Landscape research and design project introduced in this article aims to provide an alternative future for Shanxi Province,China,which seems arid and is challenged by monodevelopment mode.The research and design within the project are across four nested scales.A landscape infrastructure of intercepting wetness is toaken as an underlying thread which initiates intertwined ecological,programmatic,temporal and material trajectories.On the other hand,the project demonstrates research,representation,design,and planning can actually inform one another,and the design remains open and adaptive to its changing environments.