云南白族成人身体成分与营养体格指数分析

Analysis of body composition and nutritional physical indexes of Yunnan Bai adults

为了合理评价云南白族成人的营养状况,按照人体测量方法,对637例云南大理白族自治州的白族成人(男性216例,女性421例)的13项身体指标进行测量,包括身高、体质量、坐高、胸围、体脂率、总肌肉量、推定骨量、身体质量指数(BMI)、总能量代谢、水分率、内脏脂肪等级、躯干脂肪率和躯干肌肉量,计算4项营养体格指数,即罗氏指数、艾里斯曼身高胸围指数、维尔维克指数和培利迪西指数.结果表明,云南白族除了BMI外其余12项指标的性别间差异均具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),男性除了体脂率和躯干脂肪率低于女性数值外,其余指标均高于女性数值.4项营养体格指数中,除了维尔维克指数外,其余3项指数的性别间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且女性大于男性.男性和女性人群超过60岁时,身体成分变化明显,尤其是肌肉量、推定骨量和能量代谢显著下降.男性和女性的4项营养体格指数与体脂率、BMI、内脏脂肪等级等8项身体指标均呈极显著正相关,与水分率呈负相关.随着BMI的增大,女性体脂率、胸围等的生长发育优于男性,身高增长相对缓慢,低于男性.男性呈现胸部及上体发育良好、体格健硕的形态;女性呈现身材矮小、躯干较长、胸部丰满充实的体态.

In order t o reasonably evaluate the nutritional status of Yunnan Bai adults,according to the anthropometric method,13 physical indicators of 637 Bai ethnic adults(216 males and 421 females)in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province were measured.The physical indicators include stature,body mass,sitting height,chest circumference,percent body fat,total body muscle mass,estimated bone mass,BMI,total energy metabolism,percent body water,visceral fat level,trunk fat percentage and trunk muscle mass.Four nutritional physical indexes were calculated,i.e.Rohrer′s index,Erisman′s index,Vervaeck′s index and Pelidisi′s index.The results showed that the gender differences of 12 indicators with the exception of BMI of Yunnan Bai people were highly statistically significant(P<0.01).11 indicators of males with the exception of percent body fat and trunk fat percentage were higher than those of females.Among the four nutrional physical indexes,except for the Vervaeck′s index,the gender differences of the other three indexes were statistically significant(P<0.05),and the values of males were larger than those of males.When the males and females were above 60 years,the body composition changed drastically,especially the muscle mass,the estimated bone mass and the energy metabolism decreased significantly.The four nutritional physical indexes of males and females were significantly positively correlated with eight body indexes such as percent body fat,BMI and visceral fat level,and negatively correlated with percent body water.With the increase of BMI,the percent body fat of females,chest circumference and other aspects of growth and development of females are better than those of males,and the growth of stature is relatively slow,which is lower than that of males.The males have a well-developed form of the chest and upper body;the females have a short stature,a long trunk,and a full body.