英国基础教育教师队伍建设的现实困境与改革对策

The Predicament and Countermeasures of Construction of Basic Education Teaching Staff in England

教师是教育发展的第一资源。近年来,英国基础教育教师短缺危机日益严峻,教师队伍建设囿于供需失衡、聘留两难的困境,制约着教育的发展。究其原因在于教师工作时间较长而工资相对偏低,工作压力较大负担较重,教师职业发展受限,加之繁冗低效的招聘系统,降低了教师职业的吸引力。为此,英国政府在前续改革的基础上,从强化物质保障、改善学校文化、支持教师发展和提高招聘成效等方面深化改革,破解困境。改革对策呈现出体系化设计、关键点带动和服务化转向的特点,也存在着前瞻性不足、数量与质量不均衡、退出机制不健全等问题;为我国建设高素质专业化教师队伍提供了参考与警示。

Teachers are the most important resource of education development.In recent years,the shortage of basic education teachers in England is becoming increasingly prominent so that the construction of teaching staff is limited by the predicament of unbalanced supply and demand and the difficulties of teacher recruitment and retention.The reasons are mainly due to the long working hours and the relatively low wages,heavy workload,limited professional development and inefficient recruitment system which reduce the attractiveness and competitiveness of teacher profession.In order to break through the predicament,the Government deepens the reform of teaching staff construction by four countermeasures:increasing pay and benefits,improving school culture,supporting professional development and improving recruitment effectiveness.The countermeasures have the characteristics of systematic design,driving by key points,turning toward service and also contain some problems as lack of foresight,imbalance in quality and quantity,and imperfect withdrawal mechanism,which provide references and warnings for the construction of high quality and professional basic education teaching staff in China.