中国“双一流”建设大学基础科研生产力与世界一流大学的差距

How Far Is“Double First-Rate”Universities’ Productivity of Basic Research Away from World-Class Universities?

本文基于1996—2017年SciVal数据库收录的论文计量信息,选取中国42所“双一流”建设大学及其中9所顶尖高校组成的C9大学作为国内大学样本群,以美国常春藤盟校和英国罗素大学集团作为世界一流大学参照样本群,分别从科研产出的数量、质量、影响力、学科发展态势和科研合作方式五个维度对比国内外顶尖大学的科研生产力状况。结果表明:中国大学在科研产出数量方面已经实现对英美大学群的赶超,尽管中国“双一流”建设大学和C9大学的科研产出质量和影响力整体呈现提升趋势,但与英美大学群相比仍有较大差距。通过对细分学科领域的科研产出影响力分析发现,中国“双一流”建设大学和C9大学的学科领域可区分为优势学科、中间学科和非优势学科,实行分类管理。通过对科研合作方式和科研产出质量的考察发现,国际合作方式对应的科研论文质量和影响力更高,而中国论文产出目前以机构内部合作为主,未能充分享受国际化科研合作带来的知识红利,应更加注重国际科研合作。

Based on the 1996—2007 article metrics data in SciVal,this research selected the“Double first-rate”construction universities formed by 42 Chinese key universities and the C9 universities formed by 9 top Chinese universities as the representative domestic university groups.The reference university groups included the Ivy League universities in the US and the Russell Group universities in the UK,respectively.The research productivity performance of these university groups were compared and contrasted on five dimensions,namely research quantity,quality,impact,discipline development,and modes of research cooperation.The results show that Chinese university groups have surpassed top universities in the US and the UK in terms of research quantity.Although the research quality and impact are on the rise,there is still a large gap between domestic and foreign universities.The research productivity analysis on the discipline level show that the disciplines of the DFR and C9 university groups can be divided into advantageous disciplines,non-advantaged disciplines,and others for classification management.The investigation of the research cooperation modes and research quality show that international cooperation led to research outputs with higher impacts.However,domestic research production largely relied on cooperation within HEIs and was unable to fully enjoy the knowledge premium brought by internationalization of research cooperation.More attention should be paid to international research cooperation.