弱人工智能时代的法律回应——构建以产品责任为核心的责任分配体系

The Legal Response of the Era of Artificial Narrow Intelligence——Establishing a Responsibility Distribution System focusing on Product Responsibility

弱人工智能虽然具有深度学习能力,但尚未具备自我意识与情感,应当定性为“物”作为法律关系的客体。在涉及人工智能侵权案件中,制造商在原因调查、技术控制等方面具备优势,并可通过责任限制、税收、基金和保险等手段缓和责任,因此构建以产品责任为核心的责任分配体系成为平衡各方利益的最优选择。由于人工智能的特殊性,制造商需负担举证、培训、警示、维护和披露等义务。面临弱人工智能的挑战,现行法律体系亟需在协调稳定性与适应性的前提下对科技进步做出回应。

Although the artificial narrow intelligence possesses the deep learning ability,it has not yet generated the self-consciousness and emotion.It should be regarded as the object of the legal relationship.In the infringement cases involving artificial intelligence,the manufacturers have advantages in terms of casual investigation and technical control,thus to build a responsibility distribution system based on the product liability is the optimal choice to balance each party s rights.Besides,manufacturers can mitigate their responsibilities through liability restrictions,taxes,funds and insurance.However,manufacturers are still burdened with the obligations of the burden of proof,training,warning,maintenance and disclosure because of the specific characteristic of artificial intelligence.Under the challenge of the artificial narrow intelligence,the existing legal system must respond to the progress of science and technology under the premise of coordination stability and adaptability.