卓越幼儿园教师的教学行为特征

Research on Teaching Behaviors’ Characteristics of Excellent Teachers in Kindergarten

卓越幼儿园教师教学行为特征对引导普通幼儿园教师向卓越幼儿园教师发展具有重要的启发价值。本研究以8名卓越幼儿园教师的教学视频作为观察对象,采用自编幼儿园教师教学行为分析框架进行编码分析,结果表明卓越幼儿园教师善于传递积极的教师期望以增强幼儿学习效能,形成恰当的教学张力以保证幼儿真实参与,实施高效的深度教学以发展幼儿高阶思维。对这8名卓越幼儿园教师的访谈则进一步发现促使卓越幼儿园教师形成此种特征的教学行为的主要因素有:尊重幼儿、信任幼儿是基础;教学中的目标导向性是重心;生成性的教学智慧是关键。从教学的角度而言,如果普通幼儿园教师想要成长为卓越幼儿园教师,就需要提升自己观察与支持幼儿的能力,并在教学实践中落实幼儿为本的理念;学会平衡预设与生成关系,在生成性教学中准确把握目标;努力掌握提问和理答技巧,在师幼互动中发展幼儿思维。

Teaching behaviors’characteristics of excellent teachers play an important role in transforming ordinary teachers into excellent teachers.This paper selects 8 teaching videos of excellent teachers as the analyzing objects by using self-made teaching behaviors analysis framework of kindergarten teachers to analyze the teaching behaviors of kindergarten teachers.The research shows that excellent teachers are good at conveying positive teacher expectations to strengthen children’s learning self-efficacy,keeping moderate tensing in teaching to ensure children are engaged,and implementing effective in-depth instruction to develop children’s higher-order thinking.Through the interview of 8 excellent kindergarten teachers,the formation of excellent kindergarten teachers’teaching behaviors is influenced by several main factors:Respecting children,trusting children is the foundation;Objective orientation in teaching is the core;Generative teaching wisdom is the key.Based on the analysis of teaching behaviors’characteristics of excellent teachers and formative factors,from the perspective of teaching,the following suggestion are put forward for ordinary teachers to grow into excellent teachers:Improving the ability of observation and support,implementing child-oriented in teaching practice;balancing the relationship of presupposition and generation,holding the objectives in generative teaching;mastering the skills of question and response,developing children’s thinking in teacher-child interaction.