日本竞技体育发展方式转型、动力机制与启示

Transformation,Dynamic Mechanism and Enlightenment of Japanese Competitive Sports Development Mode

通过对日本竞技体育发展方式转型脉络和动力机制进行分析,认为日本竞技体育发展方式在历史上经历了4个主要发展阶段:第一阶段是“军国民主义导向”下的竞技体育发展方式(二战以前),第二阶段是“体育外交导向”下侧重体育提高的竞技体育发展方式(二战至东京奥运会期间),第三阶段是“大众健康导向”下依附企业体育模式下的竞技体育发展方式(东京奥运会后至20世纪80年代末),第四阶段是“普及与提高”并重思路下的竞技体育发展方式(20世纪90年代以来)。日本竞技体育发展方式转型得益于强大的动力机制驱使,具体表现为:1)公共治理理念下政府社会结合型的体制动力是其发展方式转型的内部驱动;2)国民精神重塑和经济社会整合的社会动力是其发展方式转型的外部驱动;3)大国战略地位和国际形象提升的战略动力是其发展方式转型的核心驱动。日本竞技体育发展方式转型及其动力机制形成对我国竞技体育发展方式转型具有重要启示意义。

Through the analysis of the transformation and dynamic mechanism of the development mode of Japanese competitive sports,it is believed that the development mode of Japanese competitive sports has experienced four main stages in history.The first stage is the development mode of competitive sports under the guidance of military nationalism(before World War II).The second stage is the development mode of competitive sports focusing on sports improvement under the guidance of sports diplomacy(from World War II to Tokyo Olympic Games).The third stage is the development mode of competitive sports dependent on the mode of enterprise sports under the guidance of public health(from Tokyo Olympic Games to the end of the 1980s).The fourth stage is the development mode of competitive sports emphasizing both popularization and improvement(since the 1990s).The transformation of Japanese competitive sports development mode is driven by powerful dynamic mechanism,which is manifested as follows:1)Under the concept of public governance,the institutional driving force of government-society integration is the internal driving force of the transformation of its development mode;2)The social motive force of national spirit remolding and economic and social integration is the external driving force of its development mode transformation;3)The strategic driving force of the great power’s strategic position and international image promotion is the core driving force of its development mode transformation.The transformation of Japan’s competitive sports development mode and the formation of its dynamic mechanism have important enlightenment significance for the transformation of China’s competitive sports development mode.