学龄前儿童体育活动强度他评量表的研制

Development of Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children

目的:设计出一套科学、合理且具有普适性的《学龄前儿童体育活动强度他评量表》,以期能够有效帮助教师和家长掌握幼儿体育活动强度,合理安排体育活动课程。方法:先后选取北京某一级一类幼儿园大班幼儿158人和27人进行量表的检验。为幼儿佩戴Polar Team 2团队心率表与RT3三轴加速度计,进行室内、外活动的跟踪测试;与此同时教师和研究人员使用《学龄前儿童体育活动强度他评量表》做出选择,并填写《量表》(文字版)。使用spss13.0对数据进行统计分析,检验量表的信度、效度,以及等级设置合理性。结果:经过文字图形转化、校标效度检验(平均心率:r=0.468,P<0.01;Counts,r=0.472,P<0.01),以及教师意见反馈《量表》二稿纳入外观表现维度中呼吸、出汗和脸色3项,共分为6个强度等级。经检验,《量表》二稿评分者间相关系数为0.626(P<0.05),信度良好;评价结果与心率间的Spearman相关系数为0.593(P<0.01),并在不同心率等级分组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),具有较好的校标效度和区分效度,将其确定为终稿。大体划分等级1~2、3~4和5~6,分别对应体育活动中的较低、中等和较大强度。结论:本研究研制的《学龄前儿童体育活动强度他评量表》是一个包含6个选项的以图画为主要表现形式的教师他评量表。《量表》对不同幼儿的体育活动强度具有较好的区分度,可使教师能够随时了解幼儿体育活动强度,帮助教师更合理地为幼儿安排体育活动课程。

Objective:To develop a scientific,reliable and universal Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children,help teachers and parents understand physical activity intensity among young children and arrange physical activity courses reasonably.Methods:158 and 27 children from one kindergarten in Beijing were assessed to test the evaluation scale.During indoor and outdoor physical activity,children wear Polar Team 2 heart rate monitor and RT3 three axis accelerometer,while teachers and researchers use The Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children and fill in the text version of the scale.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis to test the reliability,validity and rationality of the scale.Results:After text and graphics conversion,calibration validity test(average heart rate:r=0.468,P<0.01;Counts,r=0.472,P<0.01)and teacher feedback,breathing,sweating and facial color were added into the second draft of the scale which were divided into six intensity levels.The correlation coefficient between raters of the second draft of the scale was 0.626(P<0.05),showing good reliability.The Spearman correlation coefficient between the evaluation results and heart rate was 0.593(P<0.01),and there were significant differences among different heart rate grades(P<0.05).With good calibration validity and discrimination validity,the second draft of the scale was identified as the final draft.Generally classified grades 1~2,3~4 and 5~6 correspond to the lower,medium and greater intensity of sports activities respectively.Conclusion:The Evaluation Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children is a teacher-evaluation scale with 6 levels and in the form of pictures.The scale has a good distinction between different intensity levels.It enables teachers to keep abreast of the intensity of physical activities of children at any time,and helps teachers arrange physical activities courses for children more reasonably.