美国中小学体育教师调配研究及启示

Allocation of Physical Education Teachers in American Primary and Middle Schools and Its Enlightment

美国各州学区内的中小学体育教师调配现象非常频繁,州、学区教育管理部门会同地方教育委员会共同负责体育教师的调配过程。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、比较研究法等,对美国中小学体育教师调配过程呈现的特征、面临的问题、应对的策略等方面展开了系统研究。研究认为:在美国中小学体育教师调配过程中,国家层面的法律监管非常严格,形成了多元化的教师调配方式;机会均等与种族观念之间的矛盾在教师调配过程中仍然处于互相调适的状态;教育管理部门力图协调运作,共同面对与解决复杂的教师队伍成分引发的多种问题。美国州级政府和学区通过消除种族隔离的影响、优化教师调配环节、尊重教师调配意愿、保障教师质量均衡和关注特殊教师群体等措施,促使中小学体育教师的调配过程能够有序运转。我国可以借鉴美国经验,从优化我国中小学体育教师的调配交流机制入手,探索、研究与解决我国中小学体育教师调配过程中面临的系列问题。

The allocation of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools in various state schools in the United States is very frequent.The state and district education management departments,together with the local education committee,are responsible for the allocation process of PE teachers.By using the methods of documentation,logical analysis and comparative study,this paper makes a systematic study of the characteristics,problems and coping strategies of the allocation process of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools in the United States.The study concludes that:in the process of the allocation of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools in the United States,the legal supervision at the national level is very strict,forming a diversified allocation of teachers;the contradiction between equality of opportunity and racial concepts is still in a state of mutual adjustment in the process of teacher allocation;educational management departments strive to coordinate their operations and to face and solve various problems caused by the complex composition of the teaching staff.By eliminating the influence of apartheid,optimizing the allocation of teachers,respecting teachers’willingness to allocate,ensuring the balance of teachers’quality and paying attention to special groups of teachers,American state governments and school districts have promoted the orderly operation of the allocation process of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools.China can learn from the experience of the United States and start with optimizing the allocation and exchange mechanism of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools,to explore,research and solve a series of problems faced by the allocation process of PE teachers in primary and secondary schools in China.