单位制视角下中国城镇居民的环保公众参与行为差异分析

Analyzing the impact of the work-unit system on citizen participation in China’s environment protection

以一项全国性的社会调查数据(CGSS2013)为样本,从多个维度探讨了中国特有的单位制度对城镇居民的环保公众参与行为的影响。研究显示,相比“非单位人”,“单位人”有更高的概率参加那些由国家和(工作)单位直接发起或动员的公众参与活动,但这些活动多体现为浅层次的公众参与。整体上看,单位人和非单位人在深层次环保公众参与积极性上没有显著差异。但进一步分析表明:单位制弱化了环保宣传教育活动对于深层次环保公众参与的促进作用。颇具意味的是,在“参加(工作)单位和政府组织的环保宣传教育活动”的群体中,非单位人比单位人更可能参加深层次的公众参与活动。未来政府部门应该注重增加非单位人的环保公众参与机会和渠道、为民间环保组织的发展提供良好的制度保障和充裕的发展空间。在推动环保公众参与的过程中,参与活动主办方既要考虑动员成本和“出勤率”,又要从公众参与的效果,尤其是长期效果的角度对参与过程进行整体设计和评估。

Exploiting the data from the 2013 CGSS project,the present study explores the impact of China’s work unit system on citizen participation in environmental protection.Empirical studies show that,the work unit is still an important factor for environmental citizen participation in urban China.Compared to people out of the work unit,those in it are more likely to participate in the participatory activities sponsored by the government and the unit,even though these activities are usually shallow.The results show no differences in and out of the unit on the surface,however,further analysis shows that the unit also inhibits the promotion of environmental protection propagandas and education on deep participations.It is better to increase participatory opportunities and channels for people out of the unit.Increasing supports for environmental NGOs may also help.Last but not least,sponsors should consider not only mobilization costs and“attendance rate”,but also participatory outcomes when designing environmental citizen participations.