SD大鼠导管相关性血栓模型的建立及血栓动态演变过程研究

Development of catheter-related venous thrombosis in rat model and exploration of evolution process of the thrombus

目的建立中心静脉导管相关性血栓模型,动态观察血栓形成的病理形态演变过程,为临床研究及实践提供参考。方法取健康雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为假手术组和模型组,各40只。假手术组暴露颈外静脉后立即缝合切口;模型组暴露、切开颈外静脉,置入硅胶导管。两组均于术后1 d、4 d、7 d、10 d、14 d各取8只大鼠行颈外静脉至上腔静脉段取材,观察血栓形成情况及病理形态。结果假手术组无血栓形成;模型组成栓率85.0%。模型组造模术后1 d可见血栓形成;术后4 d血栓体积增大,但尚未出现机化;术后7 d血栓开始出现机化;术后10 d血栓机化明显;术后14 d血栓完全机化,血管腔出现再通。结论用SD大鼠经颈外静脉置管构建导管相关性血栓模型切实可行,理论上是研究导管相关性血栓一种较理想的造模方法。

Objective To develop catheter-related venous thrombosis in Sprague-Dawley rats,to observe pathological morphology and evolution process of the thrombus,thus to provide reference for clinical research and practice.Methods Eighty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group(n=40)and a model group(n=40).The external jugular vein was exposed and sutured immediately in the sham operation group,while silicone venous catheter was inserted in the external jugular vein after exposure and dissection in the model group.Specimens were taken from the external jugular vein to the superior vena cava of 8 rats in each group at 1 d,4 d,7 d,10 d and 14 d after operation to identify whether or not they developed venous thrombosis and to observe pathological morphology.Results The sham operation group had no thrombus at all time points,whereas 85.0%of rats in the model group developed venous thrombosis.Hematoxylin and eosin stains showed presence of thrombus on day 1 after the operation in the model group,increased thrombus volume without organized appearance on day 4,organized thrombus on day 7,obviously organized thrombus on day 10,and completely organized thrombus resulting in vascular recanalization on day 14.Conclusion It is feasible and practical to develop catheter-related venous thrombosis by using Sprague-Dawley rats through catheterization in the external jugular vein.Theoretically,it is an ideal modeling method for development of catheter-related thrombosis.