从东印度支队到太平洋司令部——国际体系变迁视角下美国亚太驻军的历史考察

From East India Squadron to Pacific Command——A Historical Review of U.S. Military Power in Asia-Pacific Region from the Perspective of Changes of International System

随着近代以来亚太国际体系的不断变迁,美国亚太驻军经历了由弱到强的发展过程,并在国际体系变迁过程中扮演着不同的角色。在以中国为中心的“朝贡体系”传统走向瓦解之时,美国海军东印度支队开始进入亚太地区,推动“朝贡体系”的解体。现代条约体系在亚太地区确立之时,美国亚太驻军逐渐成长为一只强有力的作战力量,最终帮助美国赢得二战并确立地区主导权。冷战格局在亚太形成后,美国亚太驻军最终整合成太平洋司令部,扮演美国冷战战略实施者的重要角色。从近代以来亚太国际体系变迁的视角考察,美国亚太驻军见证了美国参与、重塑、主导亚太国际体系的全过程,是近代以来美国与亚太国际体系长期互动的产物。

With the evolvement of the Asia-Pacific international system in modern times,the U.S.military power in this region made a great progress and played different roles in system evolvement.When the traditional Tributary System which centered on China was going to collapse,the U.S.Navy East India Squadron began to enter Asia-Pacific region.When the modern treaty system was established in this region,the U.S.military power gradu?ally grew into a powerful force,which ultimately helped the United States win World War II.After the formation of the Cold War pattern in Asia-Pacific region,the U.S.military power eventually integrated into the Pacific Com?mand and played an important role as the implementer of the U.S.Cold War strategy.From the perspective of the changes of the international system in the Asia-Pacific region since modern times,the U.S.military power wit?nessed the whole process of U.S.participating,resharping and leading the Asia-Pacific international system.It is the product of the long-term interaction between the U.S.and the Asia-Pacific international system since modern times.