新能源制氢技术发展现状及前景分析

Development status and prospect analysis of hydrogen production with new energy technology

介绍了化学链制氢、生物质制氢、利用弃风/弃光电解水制氢、太阳能光催化分解水制氢等新型清洁能源制氢技术的研究与应用现状,对各种制氢技术的产业发展前景进行了分析。在氢燃料电池汽车产业发展过程中,化石原料制氢(包括工业副产氢气及化合物热分解制氢)仍将是制氢技术中的主流工艺路线,而生物质制氢、“绿电”电解水制氢、太阳能光催化分解水制氢等新能源制氢是化石原料制氢的重要补充,未来的氢气生产将呈现化石原料路线和可再生原料路线优势互补、多元化并存发展的格局。为推动新型清洁制氢技术的快速发展,建议我国政府应从国家层面持续做好顶层设计,对新能源制氢产业化项目给予产业政策扶持;国内科研院所应加强与企业的技术研发合作,加大开发绿色、低碳、低成本制氢技术,推动制氢技术进步和氢燃料电池汽车产业快速成长。

The research and application progress of new clean hydrogen production technologies,such as chemical chain hydrogen production,biomass hydrogen production and hydrogen production from waste wind and photolysis water are introduced and the development prospects of various hydrogen production technologies are analyzed.It is concluded that hydrogen production from fossil materials(including industrial byproduct hydrogen and hydrogen production from thermal decomposition of compounds)will still be the main technology in the development of hydrogen fuel cell automobile industry.New energy sources such as biomass hydrogen production,green power electrolysis water hydrogen production and solar energy hydrogen production are important complements to fossil material hydrogen production.Future hydrogen production will present a pattern of complementary advantages and diversified coexistence and development of fossil material and renewable material routes.In order to promote the rapid development of new clean hydrogen production technology,our government should continue to do a good job on top-level design and give industrial policy support to the industrialization project of new energy hydrogen production;domestic research institutes should strengthen cooperation with enterprises in technology research and development,increase the development of green,low-carbon and low-cost hydrogen production technology,and promote the progress of hydrogen production technology and the rapid growth of hydrogen fuel cell automobile industry in China.