浅议中国古代园篱文化

On Yuan-li(Hedgerow) Culture of Ancient China

“园篱”是中国古代农宅、园圃、农田外围所建造的以绿篱为主要形式的分隔、围合景观要素,集合了建筑功能、景观功能及实用功能。“园篱”的取材、栽培管理、造景技法、实用功能在农学传世文献中有较为详尽的记载,农家学者与耕读士人在“园篱”中寄寓了亲近自然的逸趣、勤勉务实的美德及柔而不犯的气度。以农学传世文献和古典诗赋为基础,浅析“园篱”的制作技术和实用功能,阐述“园篱”中寄寓的古人的道德情操、审美情怀,分析园篱的文化意义。中国古代园篱文化映射着中国古代景观艺术与农耕文化的渊源关系,体现了尊重自然的“向善”之美,将物种间相互影响、相互支撑的生态原理与人居环境美结合起来,具有独特的文化价值。

This paper mainly focuses on the culture of“Yuan-li(Hedgerow)”,which is the main form of separation and enclosure landscape elements constructed in the periphery of farm houses,gardens and farmland in ancient China,integrating the architectural function,landscape function and practical function.The materials,cultivation and management,landscaping techniques and practical functions of“Yuan-li(Hedgerow)”have been documented in detail in agricultural literatures of ancient China.Ancient agronomy scholars and intellectuals who cultivate themselves within the process of farming embody in the“Yuan-li(Hedgerow)”the pleasure of being close to nature,the virtue of diligence and pragmatism,and the spirit of being soft and not offensive.Handed-down traditional intellectuals and poems are studied in this paper by historical and technological analysis to explain the techniques and practical functions of rural farm hedgerows,as well as moral sentiment and aesthetic feelings of the ancients.It can be concluded that the“Yuan-li(Hedgerow)”culture in ancient Chinese gardens reflects the origin relations between ancient Chinese landscape art and farming culture,and embodies the beauty of respecting nature and a spirit of“benevolence”.The ecological principles of interaction and mutual support among species are combined with the beauty of human settlements,which has unique cultural value.