长江源区1980-2010年土地利用变化及影响分析研究

Land use change and impact analysis in the source region of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2010

长江源区地处我国三江源自然保护区内,作为长江的源头是整个长江开发利用和环境保护的关键一环。从源区土地利用/覆盖角度分析源区自然环境状态变化,利用ENVI和ArcGIS软件对1980-2010年4期长江源区遥感数据进行解译,以土地利用动态度、综合程度指数及转移矩阵作为评价指标。结果表明:长江源区地貌类型以草地和裸地为主,建筑用地和耕地最少;全时段1980-2010年间,水域面积减少最多,裸地面积增加最多,相对于初期而言源区自然环境有所下降;1990-2000年间是土地利用开发强度最强的时段,随着2000年三江源保护区的建立,2000-2010年长江源区土地利用朝着恢复方向发展,自然环境有所改善。

The Yangtze River source area is located in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve of China.As the source of the Yangtze River,it is a key link in the development and utilization of the Yangtze River and environmental protection.This study analyzed the natural environment state changes from the perspective of land use/coverage in the source area,and analyzed the remote sensing data of the Yangtze River source area from 1980 to 2010 using ENVI and ArcGIS.The land use dynamics,comprehensive degree index and transfer matrix were taken as evaluation indicators.The results showed that the landform types in the Yangtze River source area are mainly grassland and bare land,whereas the construction land and cultivated land are the least.During the period from 1980 to 2010,the area of water decreased the most,and the area of bare land increased the most.Compared with the initial stage,the natural environment of the source area decreased.The strongest period of land use development happened in the period of 1990 to 2000.With the establishment of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in 2000,the land use in the Yangtze River source area in 2000-2010 improved towards the recovery direction.