龙陵县不同青贮玉米品种农艺性状及营养成分分析

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Components of Different Silage Maize Varieties in Longling County

为确定适宜在亚热带山原季风气候区推广种植的青贮玉米品种,试验选取2个青贮专用型和6个青贮通用型玉米品种进行试验。观察物候期变化和进行抗逆性分析并选择玉米蜡熟期时测定农艺性状、亩产量和营养成分,分析亩产量与农艺性状的相关性。结果表明:8个品种青贮玉米都不同程度发生大斑病、小斑病、灰斑病及锈病,影响最小的是西抗18;生育期为119~120d,出苗期8~9d,抽雄期81~86d,吐丝期82~91d,平均穗位高在130~170cm之间;干重亩产量在1 156.3~1 493.4kg之间,各青贮玉米品种的亩产量与绿叶数、株重和株高的相关性强,均在0.88以上;粗蛋白质含量为7.48%~9.32%,粗脂肪含量为2.46%~3.59%,粗灰分含量为3.43%~4.43%,钙和磷含量分别为0.31%~0.56%和0.16%~0.18%。综合分析8个不同青贮玉米的物候期及农艺性状、抗逆性状、亩产量和营养成分,适合在亚热带山原季风气候区域推广种植的优选品种是西抗18,其次是云瑞62。

In order to determine the suitable silage maize varieties for planting in the subtropical mountain monsoon climate,two silage-specific maize varieties and six silage-general maize varieties were selected for the experiment.Phenological changes and stress resistance analysis were observed,and agronomic traits,yield per mu and nutrient components were determined at wax ripening stage of maize.The correlation between yield per mu and agronomic traits was analyzed.The results showed that 8 silage maize varieties had large leaf spot,small leaf spot,gray leaf spot and rust to varying degrees,with the smallest influence being Xikang 18;the growth period was 119~120 days,the emergence period was 8-9 days,the heading period was 81~86 days,the silking period was 82~91 days,the average ear height was 130~170cm;the dry weight per mu yield was 1156.3~1493.4kg,and the yield per mu of silage maize varieties was between 116.3~1493.4kg.The correlation between plant weight and plant height is strong,which is above 0.88;crude protein content is 7.48%~9.32%,crude fat content is 2.46%~3.59%,crude ash content is 3.43%~4.43%,calcium and phosphorus content are 0.31%~0.56%and 0.16%~0.18%,respectively.The phenological period,agronomic traits,stress resistance,yield per mu and nutrient composition of eight silage maize varieties were comprehensively analyzed.The optimum variety was Xikang 18,followed by Yunrui 62,which was suitable for planting in the original monsoon climate area of subtropical mountain.