美国东北部海洋空间规划简介及对我国的借鉴

A Brief Introduction of Northeast Ocean Spatial Planning in the United States and Its Reference to China

文章介绍了美国东北部海域2016年版海洋空间规划的实现过程,重点介绍了规划的分类体系,分区方法,编制中数据的搜集、整理与共享,不同类别的动态管理方法以及政府间协调途径等。研究发现,美国东北部海域海洋空间规划将用海主要分为10种类型,分别是海洋生物和栖息地、文化资源、海上运输、国家安全、商业和休闲捕鱼、娱乐、能源与基础设施、水产养殖、海砂资源以及恢复区。规划将各类数据整合到统一平台,进行数据的存储、查询管理,提高数据的存储性能和共享程度;基于海洋数据网站上的用海类型的现状数据、生态重要区等综合数据结合分析方法针对用海请求进行具体评判,以此为依据实现用海冲突的协调;最后,规划以联邦机构为主体进行政府间协调(与非政府利益相关方的协调),提高各机构合作工作效率的同时确保与利益相关者达成共识。这些有益的尝试都对我国实现海洋功能区划的提升提供了有力的借鉴。

This paper introduced the implementation process of the 2016 edition of marine space planning for the northeastern sea area of the United States,focusing on the classification system,zoning method,data collection,collation and sharing in the compilation,dynamic management methods of different categories and ways of intergovernmental coordination.The study found that the marine space planning in the northeastern United States would be divided into 10 areas,namely marine life and habitat,cultural resources,maritime transport,national security,commercial and leisure fishing,recreation,energy and infrastructure,aquaculture,sand resources and restoration areas.The plan integrated all kinds of data into a unified platform for data storage and query management,so as to improve data storage performance and sharing degree.Based on the current data of marine data websites and integrated data analysis methods,such as current data of marine types and ecologically important areas,the specific evaluation of marine requests was carried out,which was based on the reality.Coordination of maritime conflicts;finally,planning for intergovernmental coordination(coordination with non-governmental stakeholders)with federal agencies as the main body to improve the efficiency of cooperation among agencies while ensuring consensus with stakeholders.These beneficial attempts had provided a powerful reference for the promotion of China′s marine functional zoning.