台风风暴潮灾害影响下的温州平阳县脆弱性评估

Vulnerability Assessment of Pingyang County in Wenzhou under the Influence of Typhoon Storm Surge Disaster

浙江是频繁遭遇台风风暴潮袭击的省份,而温州地区受潮灾尤为严重,为给其防御台风风暴潮提供管理支持,文章以平阳县为例,利用气候变化脆弱性分析框架,分析灾害暴露性、脆弱性特征和适应能力,提出平阳县适应风暴潮灾害的对策。在适应能力评估上,从经济与社会发展、城市基础设施、保护性设施、灾害管理机构能力和机制等4个方面构建沿海城市防御风暴潮灾害能力评价指标体系,采用AHP层次分析法评估平阳防御灾害能力。研究结果表明:(1)平阳具有较高的灾害暴露性。(2)增加脆弱性的主要因素包括围填海新区扩张与城市建设、存在的部分低质量房屋、城市排水管网系统和部分海堤标准较低、基层社区灾害应对能力相对不足等。(3)平阳防御风暴潮灾害能力的评估值为0.796。建议将风暴潮灾害因素纳入国土空间规划考虑;健全灾害管理机构和机制;加固重点堤防,改进城市排水系统;提高农房等建筑的防洪抗台能力;提升基层社区的减灾能力。

Zhejiang province is seriously influenced by storm surge,especially in Wenzhou.In order to provide administrative support to storm surge defense,this paper took Pingyang County as an example,using the climate change vulnerability analytical framework to analyze exposure,vulnerability characteristics and adaptability of storm surge,to propose suggestions on the countermeasures for adapting to storm surge in Pingyang County.In the assessment of adaptive capacity,the evaluation index system of coastal cities adapt to storm surge disasters with 13 factors including economic and social development,urban infrastructure and protective facilities,protective facilities,disaster management institutions′capabilities and mechanisms.Research results showed that(1)Pingyang has high disaster exposure.(2)The main factors that increase the vulnerability include the expansion of the new districts formed by the city′s reclamation and urban construction,the existence of low-quality farmhouses,low standard drainage network and relatively weakness in capacity of anti-disaster in part of the shore seawall,basic community disaster response capacity,etc..(3)The evaluation value of Pingyang′s ability to adapt to storm surge disasters was 0.796.It is proposed to consider the typhoon storm surge factor into territorial spatial planning,improve the mechanism of disaster management institutions,promot the renovation and rebuilding of infrastructure such as drainage networks,improve the flood control capacity of buildings such as farm buildings,improving disaster reduction ability of basic communities.