2Richard Baldwin, "Global Supply Chains: Why They Emerged, Why They Matter, and Where They Are Going, " The Fung Global Institute Working Papers, July 15, 2012. http://.www. fungglobalinstitute, org/en/working-paper-global-supply-chains-emerged-matter-going/.
3"I.amy Suggests 'Trade in Value-added' as a Better Measurement of World Trade," June 6, 2011, http://www, wto. org/english/news _ e/newsll _ e/miwi _ 06junll _ e. htm.
4Nadim Ahmad, "Estimating Trade in Value-added: Why and How?" in Deborah Kay Elms and Patrick Low, eds. , Global Value Chains in a Changing World, World Trade Organization, 2013, p. 86. http://www, wto. org/english/res _ e/booksp _ e/aid4 tradeglobalvalue13 _ part2 _ e. pdf.
5B. Balassa, Trade Liberalization among Industrial Countries, New York: McGraw- Hill, 1967.
6David Hummels, Jun Ishii and Kei-Mu Yi, "The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade, " Journal of International Economics, vol. 54, 2001, pp. 75-96.
7Robert Koopman, Zhi Wang and Shang-Jin Wei, "Estimating Domestic Content in Exports When Processing Trade Is Pervasive," Journal of Development Economics, voi.99, no. 1, 2012, pp. 178-189.
8Hong Ma, Zhi Wang and Kunfu Zhu, "Domestic Value-added in China's Exports and Its Distribution by Firm Ownership, " Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 43, no. 1, 2015, pp.3-18.
9R. C. Johnson and G. Noguera, "Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added, " Journal of International Economics, vol. 86, no. 2, 2012, pp.224 236.
10M. P. Timmer et al., "Slicing up Global Value Chains," Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 28, no. 2, 2014, pp.99-118.