云南省蔗糖产业发展现状分析

Analysis on the Current Situation of Cane Sugar Industry in Yunnan Province

蔗糖产业不仅是云南省高原特色产业,更是扶贫产业。2018/2019榨季,云南甘蔗农业总产量1 843.27万t,入榨甘蔗1 625.17万t,产糖208.01万t,出糖率12.80%;2019/2020榨季,云南甘蔗种植面积28.993万hm^2,高优良种推广24.884万hm^2,产业覆盖全省8个州(市)50余个县(市、区)约128万户农户、600余万蔗农。但云南蔗糖产业发展中存在:蔗区劳动力严重短缺、生产成本高、基础设施建设滞后、种植规模不够、丘陵山地甘蔗小型收获机械化进程缓慢、地膜残留污染等问题,制约了蔗糖产业发展。提出了加快甘蔗良种推广、增加基础设施投入、改善蔗区生产条件、因地制宜发展机械化及配套技术推广、加快推广地膜回收技术和完全生物降解地膜、实施境外种植拓展工程等探讨提质增效方案与对策,以期为云南蔗糖产业可持续、健康发展提供参考和借鉴。

Cane sugar industry is not only the plateau characteristic industry in Yunnan province,but also the poverty alleviation industry.In the crushing season 2018/2019,the total sugarcane produciton in Yunnan province was 18.432 7 million tons,16.251 7 million tons of sugarcane was processed for sugar production,2.080 1 million tons of sugar was produced with an average sugar recovery of 12.80%.In the crushing season 2019/2020,0.289 93 million hectare sugarcane was planted in Yunnan province,and 0.248 84 million hectare of high-quality varieties were popularized,involving about 1.28 million households and more than 6 million sugarcane farmers in more than 50 counties(cities and districts)in Yunnan province.However,there are some problems limiting development of the cane sugar industry in Yunnan,such as serious shortage of labor force,high production cost,lagging infrastructure construction,insufficient cane planting scale,slow process of mechanization of small-scale sugarcane harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas,and pollution of plastic film residues.In view of the present situation,this paper comprehensively analyzed and discussed the scheme of improving quality and efficiency from the following aspects:accelerating the popularization of improved sugarcane varieties,increasing infrastructure investment,improving the production conditions of sugarcane,developing mechanization and supporting technology popularization according to local conditions,speeding up the popularization of plastic film recovery technology and full biodegradable plastic film,and implementing the overseas planting expansion project.These strategies are expected to provide references for the sustainable development of cane sugar industry in Yunnan.