清末内陆地区乡绅社会救济问题研究——以近代晋南区域为中心考察

A Research on Social Relief of Gentry in the Inland Regions of late Qing Dynasty——Taking the Modern Southern Region of Shanxi as the Center of Investigation

在中国传统时代,乡绅是乡村社会发展的主导力量,乡绅的社会救济则是其传统职能的重中之重。近代以来,虽然晋南地区各方面的变化相对缓慢,乡绅的社会职能也没有大的变迁,但伴随着近代以来内陆乡村的日渐贫困化,传统乡绅的社会救济状况却出现了新的问题,特别是乡绅的乡村社会救济体系逐步失去了传统的社会功能,并在“丁戊奇荒”等近代灾害中留下了惨痛的教训。深入分析转型期这一历史现象产生的根源、特征表现以及对当时晋南乡村社会的深刻影响,对当前社会主义新农村建设具有一定的启示意义。

In the traditional Chinese era,the gentry was the dominant force in the development of rural society,and the social relief of the gentry was the top priority of its essential traditional functions.In modern times,although the changes in various aspects of south Shanxi is relatively slow and the gentry s social functions had not changed greatly,since modern times,a new problem of traditional gentry social relief appeared with the increasing poverty of the inland villages.In particular,the gentry s rural social relief system gradually lost their traditional social function and left a painful lesson in the Ding-Wu Disasters.An in-depth analysis of the causes,characteristics and effects of this historical phenomenon during the transition period on the rural society in south Shanxi has certain enlightenment significance for the current construction of the new socialist countryside.