我国特殊教育教师发展战略70年:回顾与展望

The Development Strategy of Special Education Teacher for 70 Years in China:Retrospect and Prospect

特殊教育教师发展战略是有关特殊教育教师队伍发展的顶层设计与规划。我国特殊教育教师发展战略经历了萌芽期(1949-1989年)、探索期(1990-2011年)与成熟期(2012年至今)三个阶段,实现从“局部构思”到“整体布局”、从“量足”到“质优”、从“师范教育”到“教师教育”、从“经济支持”到“社会认同”突破。然而仍存在理念滞后、内容宏观笼统、督导不够、保障支持不足等局限。我国未来特殊教育教师发展战略需进一步更新设计理念、完善政策内容、强化督导实施、增强社会支持,增强前瞻性、可行性、执行力、内驱力。

The development strategy of special education teacher is the top-level design and planning of the development of special education teachers.It has gone through three stages as germination(1949-1989),exploration(1990-2011)and maturity period(2012 to date)in China,and achieve breakthroughs from "partial design" to "overall layout", "sufficient quantity" to "high quality", "normal education" to "teacher education",and "economic support" to "social identity".However,there are still problems:out-of-date ideas,the macroscopic contents,insufficient supervision,and inadequate support.It will be rather necessary to further update the design concept,improve the text structure,strengthen the supervision and enhance social support in order to enhance forward-looking,feasibility,executive effect and internal drive of development strategy of special education teachers in China.