超声多探头检查在新生儿颅脑疾病诊断中的应用

Application of ultrasound multi-probe scanning in the diagnosis of neonatal craniocerebral diseases

目的研究超声低频探头和低频探头联合高频探头检查在新生儿颅脑疾病诊断中的准确率和敏感性。方法选取河源市妇幼保健院自2017年1月至2018年12月收治的有颅脑疾病高危因素(早产、低体质量、多胎妊娠、出生过程有缺氧窒息及产时感染)的新生儿90例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将所有新生儿平均分为2组,研究组(45例)给予低频探头联合高频探头进行探查,对照组(45例)仅给予低频探头进行探查。结合CT检查结果和临床治疗,比较2种检测方法的准确率和敏感性。结果研究组检测新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、脑室内出血和室管膜下出血诊断准确率分别为87.5%、100%、100%,高于相应对照组(15.38%、12.5%、0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组和对照组检测脑实质内出血和脑积水的诊断准确率分别为87.5%、100%以及42.85%、66.67%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组检测新生儿颅脑疾病的效率为82.22%,高于对照组(22.22%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用超声低频探头联合高频探头的方法提高了缺氧缺血性脑病、脑室内出血、室管膜下出血等新生儿颅脑疾病诊断的准确率,在诊断新生儿脑实质内出血和脑积水的准确率没有差异,且对颅脑疾病诊断的敏感性较高,因此具有较为重要的临床意义。

Objective To study the accuracy and sensitivity of ultrasound low frequency probe between low frequency probe combined with high frequency probe in the diagnosis of neonatal craniocerebral diseases.Methods Ninety newborns with high risk factors of craniocerebral diseases(premature delivery,low body weight,multiple pregnancies,hypoxic asphyxia and intrapartum infection)admitted to Heyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the study subjects.All newborns were divided into two groups by random number table method.The study group(45 cases)was given a low-frequency probe combined with a high-frequency probe for exploration,and the control group(45 cases)was only given a low-frequency probe for exploration.Combined with gold standard CT examination and clinical treatment,the accuracy and sensitivity of the two groups of detection methods were compared.Results The diagnostic accuracy of the study group for the detection of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,intraventricular hemorrhage and subependymal hemorrhage were 87.5%,100%,100%,respectively,higher than the corresponding control group(15.38%,12.5%,0%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The diagnostic accuracy of intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the study group and the control group were 87.5%,100%,and 42.85%,66.67%,respectively,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The efficiency of the study group for detecting neonatal brain disease was 82.22%,which was higher than that of the control group(22.22%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonic low frequency probe combined with high frequency probe could improve the accuracy of diagnosis of neonatal craniocerebral diseases such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,intraventricular hemorrhage and subependymal hemorrhage,and diagnoses neonatal brain parenchymal hemorrhage and hydrocephalus.There is no difference in the accuracy rate,and it is sensitive to the diagnosis of craniocerebral diseases,so it has important clinical value.