贵州省常住居民主要死亡原因及其对期望寿命影响分析

Analysis of causes of death and its impact on life expectancy among residents in Guizhou Province

目的分析2015年贵州省常住居民死亡原因及其对期望寿命的影响,为政府制订卫生防治政策提供依据。方法收集2015年贵州省死因监测点资料,内容包括死亡率、构成比、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命等数据,进行统计分析。结果2015年贵州省常住居民粗死亡率为586.10/10万,标化死亡率为600.59/10万;男性死亡率(693.88/10万)高于女性(473.24/10万)(U=47.73,P<0.05);农村(636.05/10万)高于城市(502.96/10万)(U=85.16,P<0.05)。前5位死亡原因依次是脑血管疾病(21.46%)、恶性肿瘤(16.07%)、心脏病(16.01%)、呼吸系统疾病(14.85%)和伤害(10.22%)。常住居民期望寿命为76.90岁,对期望寿命影响较大死亡原因依次是脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤及伤害。结论以心脑血管疾病为主的慢性病是贵州省常住居民的主要死亡原因,也是对期望寿命影响最大的死亡原因,因此加强对以心脑血管疾病为主的慢性病防控工作,是提高贵州省居民期望寿命的有效途径。

Objective To analyze main death of diseases impact to expectancy of life among residents in Guizhou Province in 2015,and to provide basis for government policy making.Methods Death data of 20 counties were collected in Guizhou Province in 2015.The crude Mortality,composition ratio,life expectancy,life expectancy to death were calculated.Results In 2015,the crude mortality rate of permanent residents in Guizhou Province was 586.10/100 000,the standardized mortality rate was 600.59/100 000,the male mortality rate(693.88/100 000)was higher than the female mortality rate(473.24/100 000),the differences were significant(U=47.73,P<0.05).the rural mortality rate(636.05/100 000)was higher than the urban mortality rate(502.96/100 000),the differences were significant(U=85.16,P<0.05).The leading causes of death were chronic non-communicable diseases,the top 5 death causes were cerebrovascular diseases(21.46%),malignant tumors(16.07%),heart disease(16.01%),respiratory diseases(14.85%)and injuries(10.22%).The life expectancy of permanent residents was 76.90 years,and the causes of death that had a great impact on the life expectancy were cerebrovascular disease,heart disease,respiratory diseases,malignant tumors and injuries.Conclusion Chronic diseases mainly caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main causes of death of permanent residents in Guizhou Province and the causes with the greatest impact on life expectancy.Therefore,strengthening prevention and control of chronic diseases mainly caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and reducing their death level are effective ways to improve life expectancy of residents in Guizhou Province.