基于灾难素养的高校医学本科生灾难教育可行性分析

Feasibility analysis of disaster education for medical undergraduates in university based on disaster literacy

目的了解高校医学本科生灾难素养现状、影响因素和教育需求,为高校医学生灾难教育提供依据。方法便利抽取高校医学本科生510名,采用灾难素养调查问卷进行调查。结果医学生灾难素养总分为(105.84±14.72)分;高年级医学生行为性灾难素养得分(36.79±6.01)与低年级(33.61±6.41)、中年级医学生(34.02±6.60)得分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.492,P<0.01);不同专业医学生总分及知识性、判别性、行为性灾难素养得分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.590、3.742、6.948、2.707,P<0.05~0.001);经历灾难、经历相关培训、自认有应对灾难能力、有灾难应急计划的医学生灾难素养得分更高,差异有统计学意义(t=10.229、8.025、38.676、31.417,P<0.05~0.001);逐步线性回归分析显示不同年级(P=0.001)、不同专业(P=0.002)、自认有无应对灾难能力(P=0.001)、是否有灾难应急计划(P=0.016)对医学生灾难素养有影响。85.2%医学生有灾难救护技能教育需求,73.2%医学生希望通过网络获得灾难教育。结论医学生总体灾难素养水平中等,受多因素影响,医学生对灾难教育需求强烈,需要对医学生进行针对性灾难教育。

Objective To understand the present situation of disaster literacy,influencing factors and education demand of medical undergraduates,and to provide evidence for disaster education of medical students.Methods A total of510 college medical undergraduates were selected,and a self-made disaster literacy questionnaire was used to investigate their disaster literacy status.Results The total score of disaster literacy of medical students was(105.84±14.72).The scores of behavioral disaster literacy of senior medical students(36.79±6.01)were compared with those of junior medical students(33.61±6.41)and middle medical students(34.02±6.60),and the differences were statistically significant(F=5.492,P<0.01).The total scores of medical students of different majors were compared with their scores of knowledge,discrimination and behavioral disaster literacy,and the differences were statistically significant(F=4.590,3.742,6.948,2.707,P<0.05-0.001).Medical students with disaster experience,relevant training,ability to cope wtih disaster and disaster emergency plan scored higher in disaster literacy,and the differences were statistically significant(t=10.229,8.025,38.676,31.417,P<0.05-0.001).The total scores of medical students of Multiple regression analysis showed the factors including different grades(P=0.001),different majors(P=0.002),having ability to cope with disaster(P=0.001),disaster emergency plan(P=0.016)had predictive effects on medical studentst’disaster literacy.85.2% of medical students had a need for disaster rescue skills education,and 73.2% of medical students wanted to get disaster education through the Internet Conclusion Medical students’overall disaster literacy level was medium and be effected by many factors.Medical students had strong demand for disaster education and need to carry out targeted disaster education for medical students.