高等教育和毕业生就业：变化的条件与挑战

Higher Education and Graduate Employment:Changing Conditions and Challenges

高等教育与工作世界之间关系以及塑造这些关系的政策和战略在经济发达国家存在很大差异,本文聚焦于经济发达国家近五十年有关这一主题领域主要特征的讨论,借助作者多年来参与的高等教育国际比较研究,分析了毕业生调查面临的挑战和机遇,关注高等教育与工作世界之间关系的复杂性。作者指出,高等教育机构及其负责人应该意识到高等教育功能的复杂性,注意到高等教育与工作世界之间的各种联系,而且高等教育必须重新思考其信念。基于毕业生就业的坚实信息有助于高等教育战略更加合理和有针对性,但这一信息基础并不要求高等教育任务和功能的单一哲学,而是要认识各高等院校和学习项目多样性的选择。

The relationships between higher education and the world of work as well as the policies and strategies to shape these relationships differ substantially among economically advanced countries.This paper addresses major features of this thematic area discussed in economically advanced countries over more than the past five decades.It analyses the challenges as well as the opportunities of graduate surveys to contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of the relationships between higher education and the world of work.People who are responsible within higher education institutions should be aware of the functional complexity of higher education and take note of the variety of links between higher education and the world of work which can be found in different sectors of higher education and the world in both a single country and various countries.Higher education has to rethinks its beliefs regarding what it does and what it can do regarding graduate employment and work.People should be aware of a trend contrasting the claims of most campaigns,i.e.a trend towards an increasing variety of the profiles of the individual institution of higher education.A solid information base on graduate employment in work helps make strategies in higher education more rational and targeted,but this information base does not call for single philosophies of the tasks and functions of higher education,but rather it makes aware of the variety of options,such as the individual institutions and programs can choose.