医用材料表界面设计及其与细胞相互作用

Surface/Interface Design of Medical Materials and Their Interactions with Cells

正常生理状态下,细胞/组织具有特定的微环境维持其相关功能,这种环境中存在着大量功能分子.在病理条件下,组织/器官的缺损或病变会导致细胞/组织微环境破坏、生理信号异常.因此,在生物医用材料界面模拟正常状态下细胞/组织微环境、重构其成分和形态、实现损伤组织的修复是生物医用材料表界面设计的宗旨.为了改善医用材料的生物惰性、提高修复材料基材的生物相容性、丰富材料的生物学功能,最终实现仿生效果,表界面修饰手段已成为人们的研究热点.材料表界面的修饰不仅可以改善惰性材料与宿主的缺乏交流的问题,还可保留材料的基本物理性质.在我们的研究中,利用细胞/组织生理和病理微环境指导功能化修复材料表界面的设计,通过高分子修饰途径,仿生制备出了系列促成骨、促基因转染、抗菌、抗肿瘤等具有广泛应用前景的生物材料.本文对近年来的相关研究工作进行了总结,并对该领域存在的挑战进行了展望.

Under healthy conditions,cells/tissues can function normally in their natural microenvironment due to the large amount of biomolecules herein.However,the normal cell/tissue microenvironment will be disrupted after certain pathological events due to the loss and damage associated with certain biological entities,and the disrupted microenvironment is usually accompanied by abnormal biological signals.Therefore,when designing biomaterials,one of the primary considerations is to restore the healthy cell/tissue microenvironment at the tissuebiomaterial interface and reconstruct the original biological structures in situ by mimicking human tissues,which is of critical importance to the total repair of the disease site.However,most of the existing biomaterials are biologically inert and lack interaction with the host.To improve the biocompatibility and biofunctionality of the substrate materials and to enhance their biomimeticity,the surface modification technology has gained increasing interest in recent decades.The rational modification of the tissue-biomaterial interface can improve beneficial interaction between the substrate material,while still preserving the physical properties of the material that are favorable for certain applications.Based on our previous study on cell/tissue biological and pathological environment,our group has carried out a lot research on the development of new biofunctional interfaces using polymer-based ligands or functional moieties,of which properties could be tailored according to the specific characteristics of particular microenvironment.The as-developed biomaterials could fulfill a variety of roles including osteogenic promotion,gene transfection,antibacterial and antitumor applications.It was also confirmed that these polymer-modified materials can autonomously interact with the biological tissues and execute the designed biological functions in a highly responsive manner.With the advances in synthesis chemistry and processing technology,new biomimetic materials with better fineness and structural precision will attract greater interest in related areas.In this paper,we will summarize the relevant research work in recent years and discuss those existing challenges.