城市生态环境损害鉴定评估监测体系研究

A monitoring system for identification and assessment of urban eco-environmental damage

我国城市生态环境损害事件频发,不但造成大气、地表水、地下水、土壤等环境质量下降,也造成城市生态系统结构和功能的退化,推进生态环境损害赔偿制度势在必行。由于城市生态系统的复杂性和特殊性,确认环境损害行为、说清因果关系、判定损害程度和计算赔偿金额等环节难度均比较大,开展城市生态环境损害鉴定评估技术研究迫在眉睫。根据城市地理学和城市生态学相关理论,在分析城市生态环境损害概念和特征基础上,从城市生态系统完整性角度出发,结合实例构建了一套测度城市生态系统损害状态监测的样方体系,通过形成城市生态环境整体水平评估框架为综合判定城市生态环境基线奠定基础;进一步提出充分利用既有生态观测样方、环境监测站点和社会公众参与式数据共享策略,以提高现场勘察效率、降低鉴定评估成本和提高评估结果质量的方法。研究所形成的样方体系、监测策略和方法对我国城市生态环境损害鉴定评估工作业务化具有指导意义。

The frequent occurrence of urban eco?environmental damage has caused damage to the urban atmosphere,water and soil environment,and has also caused ecosystem structural and functional degradation.It is extremely urgent to conduct research on urban eco?environmental damage identification and assessment technology.Because of the complexity and uniqueness of the urban ecosystem,it is difficult to determine the environmental damage in urban ecosystem and to carry out ecological restoration and damage compensation.It is urgent to establish a monitoring system to improve baseline credibility and reduce judgment deviation of the degree of damage,its scope,and the compensation for accountability.Based on related theories of urban geography and urban ecology,this paper analyzes the concepts,mechanisms,and characteristics of urban eco?environment damage,and then initially constructs a quadrat monitoring system to measure the undamaged state of different functional areas of urban ecosystems.To provide operational services for identification and assessment of urban eco?environmental damage and for carrying out special monitoring in damaged regions,we should adopt the strategy of using the existing eco?environment observation quadrat,while selecting and setting control areas.