不同生态恢复措施对草地样带食物消费的影响——以锡林郭勒盟为例

Impacts of different ecological restoration measures on food consumption in grassland transects: a case study in Xilingol

生态工程的实施对区域居民生产生活产生了重要影响。以锡林郭勒草地样带为例,利用2017年8月-2018年7月农牧户食物跟踪调查数据、农牧户问卷调查数据、生态恢复措施数据,结合土地利用数据和社会经济数据等,重点分析了不同生态恢复措施对锡林郭勒草地样带农牧户食物消费的影响。研究结果显示:(1)锡林郭勒草地样带生态恢复措施沿样带自北向南实施力度逐渐变弱,草地恢复措施由以草畜平衡、休牧和禁牧为主向休牧和围栏封育为主转变,草地恢复措施中对人类活动的限制也随之由弱变强;(2)沿草地样带自北向南居民食物消费形成了三种模式,在食物消费数量和消费结构上呈显出由牧区特征向农区特征的转变,即人均食物消费量沿样带递减,食物消费由肉蛋奶和蔬菜水果为主向粮食和蔬菜水果为主转变;(3)食物消费模式受到草地供给、收入及其结构、文化习俗和职业分布等生态、经济和社会多方面因素的影响。研究为实现区域生态、经济和社会的协调发展相关政策的制定提供参考。

The implementation of ecological projects had important impacts on the production and life of residents within the projects′ areas. This study takes the Xilingol grassland transects as an example to collect data from typical farmers and herd households by food tracking surveys from August 2017 to July 2018, questionnaire data of farmers and herdsmen, data on ecological restoration measures, land use data, and socio-economic data. The impacts of different ecological restoration measures on food consumption of farmers and herdsmen in Xilingol grassland transects were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The ecological restoration measures of the Xilingol grassland transects mainly included forage-livestock balance, rest grazing, banding grazing, rotational grazing, fence enclosure, and warm shed. The ecological restoration measures along the grassland transects showed three regional characteristics. The implementation of ecological restoration measures of the Xilingol grassland transects gradually weakened from north to south. The grassland restoration measures mainly changed from forage-livestock balance, rest grazing, and banding grazing measures to rest grazing and fencing enclosure. The restrictions on human activities also increased from north to south;(2) With the characteristics of different grassland restoration measures and grassland supplies, the food consumption characteristics of the farmers and herdsmen in Xilingol grassland transects showed the transition from the pastoral to the agricultural areas from north to south, which was the main food of daily life changing from package of meat, eggs, milk, vegetable, and fruits to package of rice, vegetable, and fruits. In addition, food consumption season was affected by the production and living behaviors in the agricultural and pastoral areas;(3) The patterns of food consumption in the Xilingol transects were influenced by the ecological, economic, and social factors such as grassland supply, income and its structure, culture practices, and occupation of the residents. The differences of grassland supply in the grassland transects led to the differences of the food supplement of local people and the factors including income, culture, and vocation caused the differences of food consumption in family choices. This study provides a reference for policy development to achieve coordinated development of the regional ecology, economy and society.