水生态空间红线概念、划定方法及实证研究

The concept, methodology and a case study in defining the ecological redline for the hydro-ecological space

我国面临着多方面、复杂的水生态问题:洪涝、干旱、水质污染、水生生境丧失以及人水关系日益疏远等等。解决这些问题,不能依赖单一目标的灰色工程方法,而必须从维护和保育水生态系统的完整性出发,来系统地解决问题。为此,如何定义一个相对完整的水生态系统的边界、划定维护其安全和健康的底线,即水生态空间红线,是用生态方法综合解决水问题的基础性的工作。研究提出了以保护水生态系统的综合生态服务为核心的水生态空间红线概念;提出了以水生态安全格局构建为基础的水生态空间红线划定方法和"水生态问题分析-水生态过程模拟和评价-水生态安全等级划分-水生态安全格局判定-水生态空间红线的划定"技术流程,分别划定水资源供给保护、水文调节保护、水生命支持和水文化保护四种类型的水生态保护空间红线,在此基础上,整合为综合的水生态空间红线,它呈现为对水生态过程具有关键意义的点、线、面和空间联系所构成的空间格局,并以雁栖湖流域为例进行了实证研究。

China is now facing multiple and interwoven water problems such as flooding, drought, water pollution, aquatic habitat loss and increasingly alienated human-water relationship. The solution to these problems should go beyond the single-minded engineering approach and be sought from bringing integrative hydro-ecosystem services through systematic restoration of its health and protection of its integrity. In such context, defining a relatively complete hydro-ecosystem boundary, as a bottom line for safeguarding its security and health, would lay an essential foundation for solving water issues ecologically, and also has strategic implication for current nation-wide buildup of Sponge City and Sponge National Landscape in the future. This article for the first time raises the concept of "Hydro-ecological Space Red Line",The article also proposed the red line defining methodology that is derived from hydro-ecological security pattern, specifies its technical procedure of "Hydro-ecological problem analysis-hydro-ecological process modelling and assessment-hydro-ecological security level classification-hydro-ecological security pattern identification-hydro-ecological red line drawing", and develops four red line types(for securing water supply, sustaining hydrological regulation function, supporting aquatic wildlife and conserving water cultural services, respectively). An integrative hydro-ecological red line was then formed, represented as a spatial pattern composed of landscape elements including patches, lines and areas as well as their spatial relationships that are critical in supporting hydro-ecological process. Taking Yanqi Lake as an example, an empirical study was carried out.