校园再生水回用人工湿地景观绩效评价及优化设计——以辽宁公安司法管理干部学院为例

Evaluation of landscape performance and design optimization proposals for a constructed wetland in an academic institution: Case study of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

设计生态是相对于自然的生态而言的人工设计的生命与自然环境相互作用的系统,其是解决当代生态问题的新范式。从环境、社会、经济3个方面对辽宁公安司法管理干部学院人工湿地的设计生态的景观绩效进行了评价,主要得到以下结论:(1)人工湿地能对回用再生水产生一定的净化作用。再生水经过人工湿地后,TP、TN、NH3-N、COD、SS分别减少74.9%、6.66%、61%、41.18%和64.71%,但整体水质类别保持不变。湿地基质土壤中TN、TP的含量与湿地水体有密切关系,再生水回用于人工湿地可以提高湿地基质中的土壤肥力。湿地周边植物生境类型为落叶阔叶林、灌木丛、草丛、浅水沼泽,其结构、优势种、下层植物差异明显。植物群落地域特征十分明显,整体多样性较为丰富,共计22科,37属,37种。(2)人工湿地景观为校园师生提供了较好的游憩、社交和视觉景观服务,超过80%的使用者对其总体评价在"满意"以上。同时,人工湿地运行、维护成本低,约每年可节约用水成本6.7万元。(3)以提供生态系统服务为目标的景观在设计初期,应当全面考虑运行中的地域独特性,提高设计绩效的预见度。

Designed ecology is a new paradigm to address ecological challenges in the modern era. It involved a designed landscape system harvesting the interactions between humans and the nature. We evaluated the performance of a constructed wetland, a designed ecological landscape, in the Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice. The impacts of this landscape on environment, society, and economy were as follows:(1) The constructed wetland purified the reclaimed water. The reduction ratio of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids was 74.9%, 6.66%, 61%, 41.18%, and 64.71%, respectively;however, the water grade wasn′t improved.(2) A strong relationship between total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations was observed in wetland soil and wetland water, implying that the reclaimed water improved soil fertility.(3) The habitat types comprised broadleaved deciduous forest, bush, grass, and shallow swamp;variations in their structure, dominant species, and undergrowth plants were observed. Although the plant community revealed local characteristics, high biodiversity existed, which included 22 families, 37 genera, and 37 species.(4) The wetland landscape provided high-quality recreation as well as social and scenic benefits to people, as reflected in the survey results, with over 80% indicating ‘satisfied’. At the same time, the wetland could save 67, 000 Yuan every year with low management cost. Therefore, we recommend that ecological service proposals should incorporate the local characteristics in all future design considerations.