白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架基本营养成分分析

Analysis of Basic Nutrients Composition of Fish Skeleton of Bai Jiao Bass

本实验以白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架为原料,对鱼骨架基本营养成分进行了分析。结果表明:鱼骨架中含有大量的鱼肉(33.17%)、蛋白含量高(16.65%),脂肪含量低(3.03%),鱼骨架中的钙磷比接近2:1,易于人体吸收。肌原纤维蛋白为鱼骨架中主要蛋白(45.22%),其次是肌浆蛋白(24.61%)、碱溶性蛋白(15.55%)、碱不溶性蛋白(9.46%)和非蛋白氮(5.15%)。鱼骨架中的脂肪是一种主要以不饱和脂肪酸(USFA,69.86%)为主的优质脂肪,其中不饱和脂肪酸中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA,30.193%)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA,30.14%)之间含量无明显差异(p>0.05)。鱼骨架中共检测出13种游离氨基酸,其中必须氨基酸5种,非必须氨基酸8种。从单个氨基酸的含量来看,含量最高的是牛磺酸(131.02 ng/μL),其次为丙氨酸(45.21 ng/μL)、甘氨酸(35.68 ng/μL)、谷氨酸(27.50 ng/μL)。综合而言,白蕉鲈鱼鱼骨架是一种具有较大开发利用价值的水产品副产物。

In this work,the basic nutrients composition of the fish skeleton of the Bai Jiao Bass were analyzed.The results showed that the fish skeleton contain of mass flesh(33.17%),high protein content(16.65%)and low fatty content(3.03%).The ratio of calcium and phosphorus was nearly 2:1,which is easy to be absorbed by human body.Myofibrillar protein was the main protein in fish skeleton(45.22%),followed by sarcoplasmic protein(24.61%),alkali-soluble protein(15.55%),alkali-insoluble protein(9.46%)and non-protein nitrogen(5.15%).The fat in fish skeleton is a kind of high-quality fat mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids(USFA,69.86%),among which there is no significant difference in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA,30.193%)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA,30.14%)in unsaturated fatty acids(p>0.05).A total of 13 free amino acids was detected in the fish skeleton,including 5 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids.In terms of the content of individual amino acids,the highest content was taurine(131.02 ng/μL),followed by alanine(45.21 ng/μL),glycine(35.68 ng/μL),and glutamate(27.50 ng/μL).On the whole,the skeleton of Baijiao bass is a kind of by-product of aquatic products with great development value.