斯特劳森论意义的“交流-意向论”

P. F. Strawson on the Communication-Intention Theory of Meaning

与形式语义学将意义定义为真值条件不同,言语行为理论将意义解释为会话约定。斯特劳森以约定解释为基础,通过分析约定的结构、类型和起源,提出了“交流-意向论”意义纲领。该纲领可被描述性地重构如下:(1)语言意义在会话中表现为同时包含说话者意向和交流意向的非自然意义,是与“正确使用”有关的语言约定;(2)语言约定是不同于社会约定的独立约定类型,是各类话语具有施事力量的根本原因;(3)话语的约定力量源于施行公式对话语类型的规定,但公开和传递意向的实践塑造了作为规则和约定的交流意义。

While formal semantics defines meaning as truth value condition,speech act theory tends to take meaning as convention.Based on the conventional explanation,P.F.Strawson put forward a new meaning program called Communication-Intention Theory which focused on the analysis of the structure,types and origin of convention.This program can be descriptively reconstructed as following,firstly,linguistic meaning is specified as non-natural meaning in conversation,which both speaker’s intention and communication intention are involved in and is represented as linguistic convention regarding right use.Secondly,linguistic convention is an independent conventional type,which makes the speech act conventional.Thirdly,the conventional force of speech act derives from the types of utterance specified by illocutionary formula,but the practice to open and convey intention shapes meaning as convention and rules.