工程活动中的“利益相关者”:必要性、缺席与复位研究

An Analysis of “Stakeholders” in Engineering Activities:Its Necessity,Absence and Back to the Context

尽管对“利益相关者”的学术关注从20世纪60年代就开始了,但“利益相关者”们却很少真正实际出现在工程活动中,究其原因在于技术自主论和技术价值中立论两大迷思的干扰,然而利益相关者总是通过引发社会争议来影响人工物的社会接受这一事实意味着他们的行为虽然是隐性的但却一直在场,借用技术史学概念工程动量和价值敏感性设计进路肯定了利益相关者参与工程活动的实然性和时机,并提出将“参与式设计”作为利益相关者进入工程活动的现实路径。

Though the behavior of stakeholders has caught the academic attention since 1960s,they barely show up in engineering activities.The stereotypes of technological autonomy and value-free should take the blame for this.The fact that stakeholders always cause social resistance to influence the acceptability of artifact means that they are invisible but influential.Why their opinions are crucial and when should they inscribe their voice have been analyzed by the tools of engineering momentum and value-sensitive design.Participatory design should be a possible way out for stakeholders playing a role in engineering activities.