齐尔塞尔论题在先秦:学者与工匠的互动

The Zilsel’s Thesis in the Pre-Qin Period Dynasties:The Interaction of Scholars and Craftsmen

在科技层面,先秦工匠造物和探索自然的活动场所即为他们的准科学实验室,官营专门化、垄断性作坊的创造性活动或为先秦百工的技术创造。换言之,先秦百工兼具准科学家与技术专家的双重身份。以工匠为参照群体的先秦学者不仅顺应社会发展对自身提出需要的可遵循的社会秩序、价值伦理及治国方略,还在镜像、参照、模范、介导、著述等社会互动或角色借用中实现对工匠的知识叙事及科学技术的发展需求。但先秦学者与工匠的早熟性互动有潜在的区隔风险,以致于日后工匠技术与自然哲学的协同发展被植入了致命的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。

In the pre-Qin era,the place where the artisans create or explore the natural activities may be the scientific laboratory.The creation activities of official-specialized workshops or government monopoly workshop may be the pre-Qin social craftsman’s technical creation.In other words,craftsmen are both scientists and technical experts in the pre-Qin era.The pre-Qin scholars with artisans as reference group not only have conformed to the social order,value ethics and the strategy of ruling the country,but also have reflected the social interaction and role borrowing from mirror,reference,and model,knowledge narration and the development demand of science and technology.However,the precocious interaction between scholars and artisans in the pre-Qin era has a potential risk of differentiation,so that the collaborative development of artisans’technology and natural philosophy was implanted into the fatal“Achilles heel”in the future.